An investigation into the theory of resistance Essay

My results support this as the graph of length against resistance shows that relationship is directly proportional. As the points on the graph are very close to the line of best fit, this supports my prediction. Also as I repeated my experiment 3 times and obtained very similar results, it shows that this experiment is repeatable and reliable. So, I conclude that as the length of wire increases, so does the resistance. I have realised also that double the length means double the atoms, which doubles the collisions and in turn, as explained in my prediction, doubles the resistance. This leads me also to believe that resistance would be less in smaller wires, this is due to higher current and increased heat. During the investigation three major changes were brought to my attention, these changes were: -> As I increased the length of wire, a. ) The potential difference increased b. ) The flowing current decreased c. ) The resistance in the wire also increased. I also found that when doubling the length of wire the resistance will more or less double also. E. g. when the length was 50cm the resistance was 4. 00Ohm, and when the length was 100cm theresi e was 8. 00Ohm. Evaluation The experiment I carried out was completed by means of very basic school laboratory equipment. Although reliable and trustworthy evidence was collected, proved by the similar 3 times repeated results and matching line of best fit to my prediction, I believe my results could have been far more accurate with a greater time span and some far more enhanced technical equipment, such as a digital multimeter. Although during my experiment there were no major anomalies there were a few variations within my repeats of the experiment. These minor variations truthfully had no major effect on the overall experiment due to the diminutive extremity of them. Nevertheless these small variations may have many similar reasons for appearance of which that the major anomaly would have on occurrence. These reasons could consist of such things as: – Loose connectivity and/or faulty equipment – Human error (inaccurate readings and/or checks) – Temperature (collision speed alterations) To improve the accuracy of my experiment It would have been helpful if: – The wire was in a temperature controlled environment, this is because resistance is affected by temperature. – The voltmeter and ammeter were difficult to take a reading off, this is due to the unsettling of the actual readings, they flicker and change several times before stopping on a final reading. If you move slightly however, the results will flicker again and become distorted. To prevent this, a better quality analogue meter with a built in mirror to prevent parallax could be used to my advantage. – Also, if I had more time I could have extended my experiment and repeated it with shorter intervals of wire. I could have taken readings every 5cm instead of every 10cm, this way I could gather more information and add a set of supplementary details to my results. If I changed all of the above, in theory I should come across far superior accuracy in my readings. If this theory is correct my results graphs should show a stronger correlation. If I were to present extra evidence I could make the following changes for further experiment. – Increase length of wire – Increase the thickness of the wire, – Change the material of the wire. If the above three changes were investigated for further experiment, I would hope that they would only validate my predictions and basically back up my evidence. Â  

Against School Essay

Against School Gattos opinion on school is extremely intense and straight forward. For the most part I agree with his standing point on the subject of schooling. I agree with his arguments of how we have become a society that completely relies on technology to keep us from being bored, and this notion teaches us to be absent minded rather than creative. I also agree that keeping kids â€Å"locked up† in a building for about seven hours a day gives us no room to grow individually and learn from life experiences. Not only are students the ones in jeopardy because of this confined structure, but the teachers are as well. It’s almost like this narrow minded school system we abide by is just a dark cloud that hovers over us and imprints this idea that there is no other way to do things. When you think about it, school closely resembles what prison is made out to be. A bunch of unhappy people who would rather be anywhere but there. This is NOT what education should be about. We should enjoy learning, not think of it as a chore or something to get over with so that we can move on to the next thing in life. Which is what? More work? We need to focus on training our brains to engage in activities, enjoy the moment, be curious, and to discover new wonders, not new worksheets. I remember being a kid, gazing out the window on a car ride home, letting my imagination run wild, as fast as the car was going. Now whenever I drive for long periods of time, I lean over to look at what my little brother is doing. He’s constantly staring at some sort of computer screen. I even attempt having a conversation with him, asking him if he has any homework he needs help with but all I get in return is the same absent- minded response that I receive every day after school, â€Å"Nope, I already did my homework at school. † I’m always worried that he’s not getting an education, but instead is just receiving a â€Å"schooling†. He never seems engaged in his homework, but is more interested in what video game he can play as soon as he’s done. What ever happened to picking up a book and actually exercising the brain to imagine impossible things such as dragons and fairies? Does the board of education honestly think that they are tricking everyone into thinking that you will learn better off of a simple worksheet rather than actually going out and doing hands on interactions? Why do they restrict us? It’s almost like they emphasis conformity. It’s such a contradicting setting, school is. They put so much pressure on us to be individual and be completely yourself, yet they don’t allow us freedom to do so. I think we all stay so indifferent to the subject that it’s only getting worse. And the more we stay indifferent about it, the more the problem will escalate. It’s a vicious cycle that has to be stopped.

Importance of the Humanities Essay

There has been much debate about the importance and benefits of funding the humanities in school. Many people are of the view that the study of the humanities is a waste of time and that more money and effort should be expended on teaching the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering and mathematics). On the other hand there is the school of thought which express the importance of maintaining the humanities. Others like Christina Paxson in the article â€Å"The Economic Case for Saving the Humanities† have posited the view that there be a â€Å"cross pollination between the sciences and the humanities†. I am of the view that the humanities are essential and should remain an integral part of the education system. Like Paxson I agree that individuals should be exposed to both the humanities and the STEM disciplines. The humanities are basically the study of the different ways in which people from different parts of the world and during different periods of history have processed and documented the human experience. It is the humanities that we have used to make sense of the world in which we live and also to make records of our experiences. Humans have made sense of the world in which they live through philosophy, literature, religion, art, music, history and language. Having records of human experiences allows individuals to feel connected to those who were before us and also our contemporaries. I strongly believe that the study of humanities is important because not only does it allow us to understand the world in which we live but it also gives us insight into everything and brings clarity to our future. By doing the humanities individuals learn to think creatively and critically. They know how to ask questions and to reason. According to Paxson we need to create well rounded individuals who will be experts in any situation. She argues that the country does not need experts in one subject but a civil society in which everyone can provide meaningful insight into any topic of conversation. As Paxson points out we are living in a global world. As such it is important that we have knowledge of other cultures in order to negotiate our way in this complex village. The United States for example have to form relationships with other countries and it is important that the powers that be know who they are dealing with. Paxson cites the example of the importance of having experts in Arabic and the history of Islam after the September 11 attacks. Through their knowledge the US gained insight into what motivated these individuals and how to possibly respond to them. Knowledge of these people would not have been possible without the study of humanities. The humanities provide us with a number of intellectual and emotional skills that we need to have in order to operate in our society. These are not acquired naturally but rather through the study of a number of humanities. The humanities helped me a lot in my last job at a bank. It strengthened my communication skills both in written and spoken word. I was able to communicate with internal customers, coworkers, easily and without being socially awkward. I was also able to challenge and make recommendations to policies in a respectful manner. I dealt with external customers promptly and efficiently due to the fact that I was able to understand their transactions and queries. In the first part of the video â€Å"Why Look at Art† a lady says, â€Å"I think it’s important [that] people look at art, because we live in a visual world. † This is true; we definitely live in a visual world. Look at it this way, if it was not for art, computers and other electronic devices could only be used by programmers as they were just a series of codes and commands. The introduction of the GUI, Graphic User Interface, solved this problem. The GUI had images that everyone could relate and easy to use. If it was not for art these devices would not be as successful as they are today and would not form the backbone to our means of communication. Throughout this paper I have sought to highlight the importance of humanities as a course of study. Humanities encompasses a wide range of areas that can be applied to our daily existence and enhance our interpersonal interactions, it is therefore important that the humanities remain an integral part of one’s educational experience. This is basically to ensure that one becomes wellrounded, socially accepted individuals.

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Report - Essay Example In fact, the decision to increase the tuition fees has adverse effects on the lives of student, given they will have to pay these costs and cater for their other needs at a time when there is a harsh economic environment which does not go well with the rise in the cost of education. This situation can be compared with the case of the recent financial recession where individuals were forced to cut costs just to get to make ends meet. Since the increase in tuition fees would be of negative effect on the number of students who would be willing and able to get a higher education. In fact, it is stated that the contribution of the provincial government to higher education has been decreasing quite a while and this has led to an increase in the debt burden of the students. Because of this, there has developed the need to ensure that the government takes steps to ensure the subsidizing of education to encourage Canadians to acquire a higher education. Eisen, B. & Wensveen, J. (2012, Jul 9). Arguments for cheap tuition are not supported by evidence. Troy Media. Retrieved from http://www.troymedia.com/2012/07/09/arguments-for-cheap-tuition-are-not-supported-by-evidence/ According to Eisen and Wensveen, the fact that there is an increase in the cost of tuition in higher education does not in any way significantly affect the number of people who go to university. On the contrary, they argue that despite the fact that in some provinces the governments have heavily subsidized higher education, there has been no significant increase in the number of students attending university. They argue that it is essential to understand that the cost of acquiring higher education is not relevant to the educators, and that they are only focused on ensuring that students are benefiting from it by standing a chance to secure good employment. They go against the argument by other writers that with time, students will realize that problems resulting from increases in higher education cost an d spending will surpass the benefits that they are likely to derive from acquiring the education and this will eventually discourage these students from going to university. They argue that while students will have increased debts due to loans, which they will be expected to settle after they have secured employment, they will also be able to ensure that they have a better life because of the high quality of education that they will receive. They state that the society is absorbing increases in the cost of higher education within the universities, so that the students are expected to pay direct tuition increases or taxpayers pay indirectly in order to cover for these increases, and all these is to ensure that the quality of higher education is enhanced. Ryan, D. (2012, Jun 15). Sid Ryan: The case for zero  tuition. The National Post. Retrieved from http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2012/06/01/sid-ryan-the-case-for-zero-tuition/ Ryan states that while many columnists have argued that those students in Quebec who are on strike should just accept higher tuition rates, he does not understand the argument of the abovementioned columnists. He makes the argument that in Ireland, which is his home country, education is free from the lowest level, kindergarten, to university with all the

Exemplification essay on Stereotypes of an American Male in a european

Exemplification on Stereotypes of an American Male in a european counrty - Essay Example Asian Americans are stereotyped as submissive, Math or business wizards, black Americans are either thugs or religious fanatics who are good in basketball and rapping, Latino Americans are lazy and dependent on social welfare, and white Americans are aggressive, loud-mouthed, condescending, violent individuals. Asian Americans are often depicted in the media as submissive. For instance, when speaking with other races, they do not look at them in the eye and tend to bow down. Asian Americans are also portrayed as Math wizards. They often wear large glasses and excel in Mathematics. They are frequently honor students and are severely grade-conscious. Furthermore, Asian Americans are described as businesspeople. They either have restaurants or pharmacies. Many of them become rich doing business. It can be seen that these stereotypes are generally positive compared to other ethnic American stereotypes. Black Americans are shown in the media as either thugs or religious fanatics. The young black male is often a criminal or juvenile delinquent. In TV shows, they are loud-mouthed and do not excel in their studies like Asian Americans. Sometimes, black males are also shown as religious zealots singing church hymns and attending religious services all the time. Black men are also stereotyped as good in basketball and rapping. People sometimes automatically assume that they have Michael Jordans genes running through each and every black man. These stereotypes are generally negative and focus too much on the sports abilities of black people. Latino Americans are frequently stereotyped as lazy. The media shows them as enjoying siestas and parties. It seems that all they do is have fun and that they cannot focus on being productive. The media also depicts Latinos as dependent on welfare. Again, this is a negative stereotype that entails their laziness and lack of motivation in their lives. Like

Functioning part of society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Functioning part of society - Essay Example They have also not been to promote encouraging environment for improved post prison behavior to become acceptable part of mainstream society. It is estimated that ‘two-thirds of prisoners were rearrested for a new offense within three years of leaving prison. In Colorado, 63.7 percent of inmates released from the Department of Corrections in Fiscal Year 2002 were rearrested within 3 years’ (Colorado Commission, 2008, p11). The punishments are broadly conceptualized as a means to make the criminal realize his or her acts of misdemeanor and provide him with a chance to reform so they are not caught into the vicious cycle of criminal activities. But as the data show, the authorities and punishment has failed to prevent the recurrence of acts of crimes or effectively reform the criminals. Another very serious paradigm of contemporary prison environment is that of perpetuated violence and hidden dynamics of segregated crimes within the walls of prison. Michel Santos (2004) in his biographical book, ‘About Prison’ has asserted that American prisons’ cultural paradigms greatly foster an environment of racism and violence.

Reflection on IMRD research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflection on IMRD research paper - Essay Example The research could be conducted with more people as respondents in order to acquire more idea regarding the topic. However, in future, by considering the factor of time management, the research could be conducted more broadly. Though time was sufficient to complete the paper but it consumed a considerable amount of time to conduct the research. It can be stated that by emphasizing upon the factor of time management, the research could be conducted in more detailed way and certainly it would help to bring certain changes while writing future papers. In order to write the paper 2, the peer reviews as well as the in-class activities helped and supported me by a significant level. Moreover, the written comments made by the instructor also assisted me in order to improve the writing of the paper. The comments from the instructor was generally based upon the guidelines about writing a particular paper which ultimately made me more positive as well as enthusiastically guided me towards writing the paper. There were a number of invaluable comments that were received from the instructor. These include appropriate writing guidelines, conception regarding time management and adequate working circumstances that supported me to complete the paper

Motivation an Design Issues in the Creation of an Integrated Health Essay

Motivation an Design Issues in the Creation of an Integrated Health Delivery System - Essay Example a check is also kept on which way it will be more productive for the country to have it modified. There are two major system operating these days managed care system and integrated health care system. Health maintenance organization is an example of the first one and physician hospital integrated delivery system is an example of the second one. Now different research studies have shown that both these systems have their importance at different levels and they have been viewed as inevitable, desirable, and even compatible (Author, 1993., shortell, 1996). At some places these two systems have been merged together and have been said to be managing care and integrating the delivery of the care which is still acceptable to most of the management coordinators. Now in order to be more precise we describe integrated health care system in a bit more detail. This is a system in which health is taken as one unit rather than considering it as heart a different unit, brain a different one and sto mach even a different one. While treating heart the rest of the body has to be taken into consideration and then according to the needs, treatment and expected outcome has to be taken into account. â€Å"In the last two decades there has been a significant emergence of multi- hospital networks (MHNs) in the health sectors of all industrialized countries. Such networks seem to represent an organizational choice, which provides interesting opportunities to cope with cost and quality issues stressing the health field†. (Lega, F. 2005). Having integration in health care system is good for consolidating the system, having a good control on the disease process itself and bringing out more financial benefits out of it for a country. Consolidation is defined as any transaction that involves delegating the key decision-making rights of two or more

Future of Japanese Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Future of Japanese Economy - Essay Example Though, very soon they recovered it with 10% average of economic growth in 1960s, 5% during 1970s and closer to 4% in 1980s, but after that, growth slowed down remarkably3. Strong working mentality, good government-industry relationship and implementation of advanced technology were the most favorable reasons responsible for making Japan stand on to the platform of one of the largest economy in the world from post WWII till 80s. Resultant of overinvestment in late 80s and crisis in world oil supply brought another challenge to their economy4. It became necessary for Japan to switch from mobilized productionism to more substantial welfare economy. However, the oscillation between successful drive of the export in late 80s and bang in economy after 80s hazed that requirement and mobilized economic system disappeared very soon5. After the fading away of stock inflation and land prices, an excess of production capacity remained. This factor lowered the profitability of the production and on the other hand, bad loan weakened the financial activity. Government's effort in recovering that downfall was not up to that level and it's clear from the statistics of economy for the duration of 2000-20016. Hence, it is inferred that Japan is in a state of distorted industrial policy and in urgent need of a revolution. The main aim of this paper is to address the main obstacles that Japan is facing and then to state the possible solutions to overcome them. Obstacles in Japanese Economy Japan is facing resistances now-a-days that it had never encountered before. Growth rate which used to be in two digit figure just after war, now expectation growth is below 1% which is too unsure. Country that had incredible unemployment rate till 1980s has now rose to 4.8%. Present crisis of its economy consists of short or middle-term problems like; financial difficulty, trade cycle and public finance. Other than that long term problems are there which are related to going into matured stage of progress. One of the important aspects of Japanese economy is its iron triangle which dominated the people by managing their particular interests. However, due to the changing of technologies and human preferences that system is losing its supremacy. After 1990s when the economy condition is at matured stage, safety and stability becomes the main points of concern; but 'iron triangle'7 sometimes might block the transformation in the required direction. The creation of societal life is supposed to be the center of long term task of Japanese economic society. The population of Japan is expected to reach its peak in 2007 and then turn to decrease which may lead to the composition of population over sixty-five to surpass 20% in the target year of the total population and after that reach the high plateau over 27%-30% after 20 years. This effects the shifting in arrangement of consumption in industries. But, the question here comes whether pure market economy will be able to adapt this shift in consumption as market is driven by profit seeking

Race in wold war II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Race in wold war II - Essay Example However, the situation at America and other European powers at home was same that consisted of discrimination against all ethnic minorities and their segregation from  the mainstream  of the society.   When America announced its participation in Second World War, most of the members of the ethnic minorities were divided regarding joining army to defend their country. There were many members of ethnic minorities, who had joined in serving their country during World War I in hopes, that government would treat them equally after winning the war.  However, the government did not fulfil their hopes (Jepson). Some people joined  voluntarily,  and some people were drafted in the service.  However, the discrimination treatment continued in Army.   Most of the Black people and others were assigned menial job. They were drivers, cooks and others. The officers and others continued to show contempt and discriminated against them at every given opportunity. There were very few black soldiers who fought side by side in Pacific or other war theatres.  However, they proved to be very good  organizers,  and they changed the results in allies favour with their ingenuity.  However, they were also discriminated against by the people whom they defended in Europe as well as in Pacific (Jefferson). The main aspect of life where the attitude towards the race affected in war was the indifference shown by  the large  number of members from ethnic minorities in America.  There were very few people who were interested in joining defense  services  and serve  their country (Jefferson). Most of the veterans who had participated in previous war stayed at home. The soldiers who  learned organizational  skills in the army used them to organize various movements back home for equal rights and facilities.   Jefferson, Robert F. Fighting for Hope: African American Troops of the 93rd Infantry

Why we left our factories in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why we left our factories in China - Essay Example Businesses are compelled by competition to sell products at the lowest price possible at the highest quality doable. Such, businesses are always on the lookout for ways on how to cut cost and improve quality on the inputs of production. This effort to cut cost often points producers and businesses to outsource to China because of the cheap labour and material cost. In the article by Sheridan Prasso entitled â€Å"Why we left our factories in China†, Prasso pointed the numbers why manufacturers go to China. In 2005, Sleek Audio was quoted a price of $20 of $19 or $20 for one particular component that the Chinese were offering to make for $2 (2011). That is a whooping $17 to $18 price difference with each component. If Audio Sleek will purchase by the thousands, the price difference will just be very hard to ignore. 2. Economy of scale In the article of Prasso, businesses are now beginning to leave factories in China with the emerging movement called reshoring where business are beginning to bring their operations close to home. One of the major reasons cited for reshoring is that it is very difficult to deal with China; other is the presence of language barrier and delay in response time if there are any issues. Mark even lamented that when they are in China, great care are being extended to satisfy them where parts are made perfectly when they are around. The trouble is, when they give the go signal to make 10,000 to 20,000 pieces, problems begin to occur. The initial cost in going to China may be cheap that a business may be able to have cost savings by going to China. But it really is not that much because of the hidden costs, the delays, shipping cost and the cost associated with the learning curve. In effect, what has been initially saved was also defrayed by other incidental costs in going to China. This explains why many firms are moving back to the US or reshoring. The quotation cost in the US may have lowered from $20 to $19 to $8 because of the recent crisis. US workers are now more eager to work too because of the scarcity of the jobs. Still, there is a price difference between the new quotation of $8 and the old price of $19 to $20. But companies in the US can compensate for the price difference through economy of scale. Meaning, it can recover the lost profit of the price difference of the item by making more of the same. This is very probable because the initial experience of Sleek Audio when they decided to get back their operation in the US which won them the 2011 Best of Innovation award from the 2011 Consumer Electronics Association. It manifest that components that were made in the US were of excellent quality and that would encourage other businesses to reshore their operations back in the US. The effect on this to component maker would be an increase in volume and although they lowered their quotation to become competitive in terms of pricing, the foregone profit for the discounting the price can be recoup throu gh volume. In economics, the amount of increment in terms of cost is not always constant with each volume added. This is especially true with manufacturing plants. To illustrate, let us use the above example. Let us say that the cost for making the component is $5 for 1,000 units which would cost the component maker $5,000 to manufacture a 1,000 unit of a particular part. If a certain client/s would order have an accumulated order for example of 100,000 units, it does not mean that each unit would still cost $5 to the component maker that would amount to $500,000. With that quantity, the cost may be brought down to $4 per unit or $3 to the component maker saving them $1 or $2 with each component which could cover the foregone profit of its former price of $8. This is because some cost

Investigation How Business Work Essay Example for Free

Investigation How Business Work Essay My name is Jasper and I have been asked to choose a company and investigate all about that company. The company I have chosen to investigate about is Safeway Supermarkets. In this task, I will be investigation the business objectives of Safeways and why they have those objectives. Safeways was first started in 1977 and has grown very large since than. It is in the service business where by they buy stock from manufacturing companies and sell it on to their customers and its also a public limited company (Plc). Safeways now own about two million high street stores in the U.K. alone and are now looking to opening some of its stores in other parts of Europe. The head office of Safeways is at London. All decision must be clarified or accepted by the people at the head office before it goes ahead. Safeways makes an income of 50 million pounds a year and are stills looking to improving their income. Safeways vision in future is to become (The first choice food retailer for all their customers locally.) over the past four years, Safeway have been working hard to achieving its vision and to achieve it, they have set out the following objectives. * To have the best promotional deals on the products which most of there customers regularly buy. * To have the best and most innovative fresh food offers * To have the best product availability, keeping their shelves full every hour of every trading day * And to have the best customer service, in a warm and friendly store environments. Explaining of objectives * The first objective of Safeways is to have the best promotional deals. If they do have the best promotion, more and more customers will buy from Safeways and the more the customers the more profit they make. * Now a day, people are breaking from the habits of canned food to fresh food and if Safeways could do this than a greater number of customers will buy more and more from them meaning they get more profits. Safeways sells ready prepare meals for customers who dont have time to cook. * The third objective by Safeways is to keep their shelves always full so that customers dont go to other stores when Safeways dont have stokes on their shelves. * The fourth objective by safeways is to have the best customer service. If they dont have good customer service to help customers when they need help, customer will go somewhere else and they will loss money. The functional areas of Safeways Lawrence Christensen, CBE, Group Operations Director, Safeway Stores plc, is the Main Board Director with Corporate Social Responsibility, which incorporates Health and Safety and Environment. He chairs the Corporate Social Responsibility Steering Group, which oversees, reviews, monitors and advises on CSR matters particularly where they are of concern to our stakeholders. He also chairs the Corporate Due Diligence Committee, which reviews, monitors and advises on due diligence matters associated with product safety, employment, environment and health and safety. Jack Sinclair, Group Marketing and Trading Director, chairs the Commercial Committee which is responsible for reviewing and making decisions with regard to Trading and Operational performance of the Company, including Promotional and Pricing Strategy, Store and Product Category Performance and Marketing, Seasonal and Range Initiatives. Liz Kynoch, Technical Director, Chairs the Executive Health and Safety Committee and has day-to-day responsibility for health and safety management as well as Product Technical Issues. Jim White, Human Resource Director, employs staff for the company and also makes sure that employees are working in a safe environment. It also dismisses an employee who does not perform his or her job properly. David Wilson, Company Secretary, Chairs the Product Policy Group Committee, which defines and refines company policy. The Board then signs these off. He has responsibility for assisting the Board to ensure compliance with all its legal obligations and to ensure that in regard to corporate governance the Board takes account of, and reflects, wherever appropriate, the standards required by the combined code appended to the UKLA listing rules. His role is to ensure that the Board follows its procedures fully and that in the management of the business, it has regard, at all times, for its duty to act in the best interests of the company (present and future shareholders), and to have regard to the interest of other stakeholders. These stakeholders are employees, customers, suppliers and any others who may be affected by its operations. He is vice chairman of the Corporate Due Diligence Committee and a Member of the CSR Steering Group. Nicola Ellen, Strategy Manager CSR, reporting to Lawrence Christensen, is responsible for day-to-day CSR management. Which is the report sent to stakeholders of how the company is doing in teams of income and the company environment. Dr. Kevin Hawkins, Director of Communications reports to the chairman (David Webster) about the press release and public affaires. He also chairs the Charity Committee, which manages the corporate charity budget. David Webster, director of Finance chairs the finance departments. His job is to give financial advice to the company and to also calculate the profits and loss of the company. He also keeps financial records of the company. Department job roles In every functional area, there are different job roles. A job role tells determines the jobs and tasks of employee that they are being expected to do. Below are some of the job roles in the functional areas. Human Resource * Employ and dismiss employee on reasons. * Motivate * See that all employees are treated the same due on their work. Marketing and trading * To promote products * Perform researches * Good communication skills Technical * Make sure that all employees are working in safe environments. * Get safely equipments for employees * Test employees knowledge of safety incase of emergency Communications * Have good communication skills * Be very persuasive * Make sure that the press dont release bad stuff about company Strategy * Be able to know what company need to survive * Be able to create reports (CSR) * To be able to set out companys aims and objectives Laws, which protect Employee rights. The governments has set up laws just is to protect the employees rights. These laws are to be followed by employers or they could be put out of business. The laws are has follows. o Employments Rights Acts1996 o The Sex discrimination Acts 1975 o Race relation Acts 1976 o Disability discrimination Acts o Equal opportunity legislation The Employments Rights Acts This rights covers mostly all the other rights of the employees i.e. * The employer must give the new employee, a written statements or a contract no more than 8 weeks after the employee has started working for the company. * All employees must be given an entitlements pay slip, which shows the gross and net pay etc. * An employee asked to work on Sunday can opt-out by serving notice. * All females can take maternal leave and can return to work on the same terms and conditions has they were. * An employee can act has a trade union official or health and safety official and cannot be dismissed. * All employees who have been dismissed through redundancy have the rights to receive redundancy payments if they have been working fro the firm for more than two years. * Employee have the rights to take a time of on the grounds for jury service and antenatal care * Any employees that this dismissed from working on medical terms have the rights to receive payments for up to 26 weeks. The Sex discrimination Acts 1975 This act makes it illegal fro any employer to discriminate upon anyone on the grounds of gender either directly or indirectly. This act applies to the following recruitment and selection for jobs and promotion, training, the way you are treated in a job, dismissal and redundancy. The Race Relation Acts This act makes it illegal fro any employer to discriminate against on the grounds of the persons colour, race nationally, or ethnic origins whether directly or indirectly. The Disability Discrimination Act This act is concerned with the discrimination against people with disabilities in employments, when obtaining goods and service or buying/renting land or property. The disability can be physical, sensory or metal but must be relatively long tern (for more than 12 months). An employer must not treat a disabled person more favorably than able body person whether in recruitments, training, promoting or dismissal unless it can be justified. Employers must also be ready to make reasonable adjustments to the work place to enable a disabled person to do their jobs. Disabled person who suffers any discrimination can report their complains to the employments tribunals. Discrimination in this case is not divided into direct or indirect but less favorable treatments can be justified. Equal opportunities in Safeways Safeways makes sure that it follows these acts. In order not to violate any of these Acts, it states at the bottom of its application forms about the above acts. An example of safe ways employments from has been attached to this work.

DVT Risk Assessment Tool for Nurses Using Modified Delphi

DVT Risk Assessment Tool for Nurses Using Modified Delphi Research article DEVELOPMENT OF PATIENT’S DVT RISK ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR NURSES USING MODIFIED DELPHI TECHNIQUE. Mr.Kapil Sharma1,Ms. Jaspreet Kaur Sodhi2, *Ms.Rupinder Kaur3 ABSTRACT Background Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a very serious, potentially fatal, and very preventable medical condition. It is important for all patients admitted to the hospital to be screened for the risk of developing a DVT. This could be easily accomplished by performing a risk factor assessment-screening tool on all patients. It is also important to educate the medical and nursing staff on the fact that all patients are at risk for developing DVT, not just surgical patients who are often believed to be at the highest risk of DVT. The implementation of the risk factor assessment could potentially save lives and reduce the hospital costs of treating and managing the complications of DVT and venous thromboembolic disease. The implementation of a risk factor assessment tool could potentially aid in the recognition and appropriate prophylaxis of those patients who are at extremely high risk for DVT. Without appropriate recognition of the risk for DVT, patients may be placed at risk for DVT and the p otentially fatal and/or debilitating complications associated with the development of DVT.1 Aim The aim of the study is to develop Patient’s DVT Risk Assessment Tool for Staff Nurses. Objectives To select and pool the items to develop Patient’s DVT Risk Assessment Tool for Staff Nurses. To obtain consensus of Panelists for the development of Patient’s DVT Risk Assessment Tool for Staff Nurses. To organize valid items in a structured format for the development of Patient’s DVT Risk Assessment Tool for Staff Nurses. Methods Using instrument development design for Patient’s DVT Risk Assessment Tool for Staff Nurses. 66 Items were generated from evidence and qualitative data. Face and content validity were established through experts by 3 modified Delphi round. Content validity was computed. The content validity index (CVI) was calculated for each item i.e CVI-i, content validity index for experts i.e CVI-e and general content validity index for the tool i.e CVI-total. Item level CVI (CVI-i) is calculated by number of experts agreeing on the value of relevance of each item (value between 3 and 4) divided by total number of experts, expert level CVI (CVI-e) is calculated by number of items scored between 3 and 4 by an expert divided by total number of items and general CVI (CVI-total) is calculated by sum of all experts individual CVI divided by number of experts. Based on expert panel, CVI-i lower than 0.6 were deleted, (CVI-e) is 0.8,and CVI-total) 0.89. Results Patient’s DVT Risk Assessment Tool for Staff Nurses had face and content validity. The content validity index was 0.89. Conclusion The study concluded that assessment of DVT risk is essential in hospitalized patients.The identification of DVT risk at its earliest stage can help to decrease the morbidity and mortality rate in hospitalized patients.The Patient’s DVT Risk Assessment Tool will be helpful to identify risk of DVT at its earliest stage so that preventive measures can be taken. Keywords Deep Vein Thrombosis,Patient’s DVT Risk Assessment Tool.Modified Delphi Technique,Content Validity Index INTRODUCTION â€Å"An ounce of prevention is cheap, the pound of cure costly† (A.Taylor, B.J. Whiting) In India, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is not well highlighted and literature survey shows scanty works in this field. Most of the literature available in India is from the orthopaedic departments, overall incidence of DVT in general population is largely unknown. Most of the DVTs are idiopathic and occur in less than 45 years age group. Irrespective of the etiology, LMWH and Warfarins are efficient, safety is well demonstrated, and domiciliary treatment is advisable with surveillance. Idiopathic DVTs require long term follow up to watch for recurrent thrombosis.2 Each year, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs in 1 of every 1,000 Americans, hospitalizes nearly 600,000 for DVT-related complications, and kills up to 300,000. It is possibly the most common preventable cause of hospital deaths in the United States. Occupations in transportation, air travel, con ­fined spaces, and sedentary office positions pose risks for DVT. The risk of DVT increases with factors such as obesity, cancer, pregnancy, estrogen-containing medications, major surgery, and hospitalizations. , With an understanding of DVT, occupational health nurses are well positioned to promote DVT awareness and reduce the risk of complica ­tions for employees diagnosed with DVT.3 Deep vein thrombosis [DVT] is one of the most dreaded complications in post-operative patients as it is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Majority of patients with postoperative DVT are asymptomatic. The pulmonary embolism, which is seen in 10% of the cases with proximal DVT, may be fatal. Therefore it becomes imperative to prevent DVT rather than to diagnose and treat. Only one randomized trial has been reported from India to assess the effectiveness of low molecular weight heparin in preventing post-operative DVT.4 METHODOLOGY It is a methodological study to develop Patient’s DVT Risk Assessment Tool. The tool was validated by 10 multidisciplinary health care professionals. The study was conducted in 3 Modified Delphi rounds.The validity of tool was determined by content validity index (CVI). The data was collected via e-mail.The tool was developed under three phases and under each phase some steps were taken. PHASE 1- Preliminary preparation During this phase the investigator developed the preliminary Patient’s DVT Risk Assessment Tool for which the following steps were taken: Step-1: Review of Literature- An extensive review of literature was carried out from books, journals and through internet. Literature was searched which represent Patient’s DVT Risk Assessment Tool from all aspects. Various tool were searched. Literature related to tool construction and standardization was also reviewed. Step-2: Items selection and pooling- Different tools were analyzed and related items such as risk factors were selected from the content and items were pooled together. Step-3: Preparation of first draft- Selected items were seemed to represent Patient’s DVT Risk Assessment Tool to generate first draft of the tool. PHASE 2- Validation of first draft and subsequent drafts Step-1: Selection of panel- There were 10 experts in all Delphi rounds. The Delphi panel was consisted of multidisciplinary health care professionals (nurses, doctors, and administrator). The sample of the panelist were heterogeneous to ensure the entire spectrum of opinion to be determined. The written consent was taken from the selected experts to participate in the study. The first draft of tool was circulated among 10 experts from above stated field. Step-2: Delphi Rounds: The modified Delphi technique was used to validate the draft. (The Delphi is an interactive process designed to combine expert’s opinion into group consensus. According to this technique the response of each panelist remains anonymous that there are equal chances of each panelist to present the ideas unbiased by the identity of other panelist. There are subsequent Delphi rounds until a definitive level of consensus is recorded). All the panelist were requested to give their valuable suggestion pertaining to the content, accuracy of information, the item order i.e organization and sequence of the items and working of the items. The suggestions given by panelist was incorporated to generate the second draft of tool. Step-3: Modification: as per the experts opinion:The modification in the tool was made. PHASE 3- Assessing reliability and content validity of tool: Draft prepared after third Delphi round. Validity of Tool: It was done by expert’s opinion. The tool was circulated to 10 experts of various specialties . The experts were asked to rate the items in terms of relevance to the Patient’s DVT Risk Assessment Tool. A 4 point likert scale (1 not relevant, 2 somewhat relevant, 3 relevant, very relevant). The content validity index (CVI) was calculated for each item i.e CVI-i, content validity index for experts i.e CVI-e and general content validity index for the tool i.e CVI-total. Item level CVI (CVI-i) is calculated by number of experts agreeing on the value of relevance of each item (value between 3 and 4) divided by total number of experts, expert level CVI (CVI-e) is calculated by number of items scored between 3 and 4 by an expert divided by total number of items and general CVI (CVI-total) is calculated by sum of all experts individual CVI divided by number of experts. Based on expert panel, CVI-i lower than 0.6 were deleted, (CVI-e) is 0.8, and CVI-total) 0.89. Instrument development: The content validity assessment process described by Waltz and Bausell (1981) and Lynn (1986) was used. 66 items were generated and were carefully investigated for clarity, grammar, and construction. A likert scale was chosen as scale type. Each item was rated on 4 point likert scale (1 not relevant, 2 somewhat relevant, 3 relevant, very relevant) with significant agreement (10 experts rating item a 4 or 3) needed for it to be retained. The experts were asked also to evaluate the set of items to determine if any content area was missing. REFERENCES 1.Race TK, Collier PE. The hidden risk of deep vein thrombosis the need for risk factor assessment: case reviews. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly [serial on the Internet]. 2007, July;30(3): 245-254. 2. L Chinglensana, Santhosh Rudrappa, K Anupama, T Gojendra, Kala K Singh, Sudhir T Chandra. Clinical profile and management of deep vein thrombosis of lower limb. Journal Of Medical Society.2013;27(1):10-14 3. Emanuele, P,. Deep Vein Thrombosis, AAOHN Journal 2008; 56(9):389-392. 4.Anandan Murugesan, Dina N. Srivastava,Uma K. Ballehaninna, Sunil Chumber,Anita Dhar,Mahesh C. Misra,Rajinder Parshad, V. Seenu, Anurag Srivastava,and Narmada P. Gupta. Detection and Prevention of Post-Operative Deep Vein Thrombosis [DVT] Using Nadroparin Among Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Operations in India; a Randomised Controlled Trial. Indian J Surg. 2010 August; 72(4): 312–317

Reinforced Concrete Fibers Vs Continuous Steel Construction Essay

Reinforced Concrete Fibers Vs Continuous Steel Construction Essay Abstract In todays economic climate nothing is as important as saving money. With respect to the construction industry, it is vital that actions taken to save money will not hinder the structural and design integrity. Typically, the greatest savings are achieved through the development of new materials and processes. One development expected to save money in the future is fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). Although, the concept itself is dated; recent advances have allegedly created lighter concrete with an increased crack resistance. Aside from increased performance, FRC is also thought to decrease labor costs commonly associated with traditional steel reinforced concrete (SRC). The following report is a review and comparisons of each system characteristic. Introduction Concrete is arguably one of the most commonly used construction materials. The success of the material is due to its ability to resist upward and downward loads known as compressive strength. However, tensile strengths of plain concrete are relatively low. Tensile strength is considered a materials ability to resist pulling forces. To compensate for this, concrete is reinforced using various methods depending on the application. The most common method of reinforcing is steel reinforced concrete (SRC). Steel reinforced systems have been utilized since the early 1900s and have proven to be successful. Despite the success, the construction community is showing an increasing amount of interest in fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). The following sections dissect the characteristics of each system and reveal the inherent distinctions. Research Criteria For the purposes of investigation and clarity research was conducted on concrete slab construction only. The systems have been evaluated and compared with respect to mechanical and design characteristic. Cost and labor practices as well as other concrete building systems such as; beams, foundations, and bridge decks have not been considered for this study. This provides a uniform comparison of both systems. Description of Design Concepts Steel Reinforced Concrete A steel reinforced slab is a composite system consisting of steel and concrete. The steel is typically rods factory welded in a mesh pattern known as welded wire fabric. For larger slabs, and most other applications, the steel is manufactured rods commonly referred to as rebar. Unlike welded wire fabric, the rebar must be tied together. Depending on the application the steel can be unfinished, galvanized, or epoxy coated. Continuous steel primarily provides tensions resistant. The assessment of steel reinforced systems is done with respect to cast-in-place one, and two way slabs reinforced with continuous steel only. Corrugated and waffle slabs have not been considered in this evaluation. Fiber Reinforced Concrete Fiber systems are the addition of natural or man maid fibers to the concrete. The most popular fibers today are; nylon, steel, glass, and natural. The fibers are typically added to the concrete mix either as a monofilament or fibrillated fibers. Monofilament fibers are individually added to the mix and are used where preservation of the finish is a priority. Fibrillated fibers are added as large bundles which break down in to smaller bundles of connected by perpendicular fibers. Fibrillated bundles typically yield a stronger bond than monofilament fibers. The major benefit derived from the use of FRC is improved concrete durability. (Committee, 2006). All FRC systems reviewed consist of only simple fiber reinforcing. Systems using a combination of continuous steel and fibers or any manufactured products containing fiber reinforcing have not been considered in the evaluation. Differences With respect to the mechanical behavior of concrete in slab construction FRC and SRC slabs are fundamentally different. As, SI Concrete Systems representative, Mel Galinat explains, The current methodology for reinforced concrete is based on the steel rebars continuous reinforcing function and tensile strength characteristics. (Marsh, 2001). The bar is laid continuously in each direction to accept and distribute tensile loads to balance the system. The grid pattern ensures that tension in either direction is resisted. Additionally, the pattern segregates the aggregates and prevents cracks from spreading. When using rebar the grid is tied at the intersections and overlapping lengths. The slab becomes a composite system of steel and concrete composite system. Depending on the slab size, control joints are strategically installed throughout the slab to further minimize cracking. In a fiber reinforced slab system the concrete itself is manipulated. The fibers vary in size depending on the application, however, when setting a related standard, ACI considers, Common lengths of discrete fibers range from 10 mm (3/8 in.) to a maximum of 75 mm (3 in.). (E-701Committee, 2006). The fibers are added directly to the concrete ingredients while mixing; resulting in a random distribution of reinforcing fibers. Consequently, the fibers do not align continuously throughout and prevents the system from working together. As proven with the steel system tension loads are successfully resisted with continuous reinforcement. The lack of synergy among the fibrous members provides minimal tensile strength. An experiment conducted by the ACI in 2006 looks at the characteristics of fiber reinforced concrete in order to establish uniform design criteria for the concept. The study reviewed eight concrete slabs, one with no reinforcement and the remaining slabs were reinforced with various types, sizes, and combinations of fibers. When compared to an unreinforced concrete slab on grade, the fiber reinforced concrete provided better resistance to concentrated loads. For this reason, even at relatively low volume fractions ( Although advantageous to concrete slabs, concentrated loads are only one of the many forces exerted on a slab. Other loads, common of concrete slabs, were not considered in the ACI experiment. These results demonstrate the fibers ability to increase the concretes flexural strength. Materials with high flexural strength resist deformation caused by loads. Flexural stress is caused by concentrated loads such as; heavy equipment or industrial machinery. Therefore, fibers are commonly added to concrete mixes for large industrial slabs and airport runways. In an elevated slab system, where loads are high and unsupported spans are common, current fiber reinforcing cannot efficiently replace continuous steel. Another characteristic which differentiates fiber and steel reinforcing is each systems approach to crack control. As detailed in the ACI Committee 302 documents; Polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, and other synthetic fibers can help reduce segregation of the concrete mixture and formation of shrinkage cracks while the concrete is in the plastic state and during the first few hours of curing. As the modulus of elasticity of concrete increase with hardening of concrete, however, most synthetic fibers at typical dosage rates recommended by the fiber manufacturers will not provide sufficient restraint to inhibit cracking. (ACI Committee 302, 2010). Moreover the fibers reduce the spread of cracks caused by shrinkage and temperature change rather than increasing the overall resistance. As expanded further in the ACI Materials Journal, It is usually assumed that fibers do not influence the tensile strength of the matrix, and that only after the matrix has cracked do the fibers contribute by bridging the cracks. (Shah, 1991). Therefore the fibers work reactively by responding to loads, whereas continuous steel works proactively by resisting loads. The continuous steel is strategically positioned in anticipation of certain loads, thus providing a resistance. Conclusion As explained by the Portland Cement Association (2010); Fibers should not be expected to replace wire mesh in a slab on ground. The current experimental results show no evidence of a fibrous additives providing equal, or superior, strength when compared to traditional steel reinforcement. The effects of fiber reinforcing on a concrete slab are inherently different than traditional steel. Continuous steel resists particular stresses while fiber reinforcing responds to different stress. The traditional methodology of designing and constructing concrete slabs using continuous steel reinforcement has slowly developed overtime and has become a highly proven and widely accepted system. Fiber reinforcing is still a young concept, however, design criterion are slowly being developed and studied. The system does show potential for crack control and increased flexural strength. Combining the flexural strength of fibers and tensile strength of continuous steel one can see that such systems woul d be helpful for slabs enduring high concentrated loads. The fibers help maintain the flat surface by resisting flexural stress while the continuous rebar resists tension stress

Asperger’s Autism and The Classroom Setting Essay -- Education

I am very interested in high at risk student populations in traditional schools. While many students labeled as high at risk exist in ever-increasing numbers, there is little in the field that demonstrates the remediation of the student. There have been successful ventures in some instances, however, the greater question of what works and what does not work exists in piece meal fashion (Grenier, 2010). The high at-risk population I am interested in is the special needs child. I have spent numerous years working with autistic children in school settings. The enduring social emotional issues and the mechanics of social interaction have made me contemplate the question of what works best for these children to learn. I have worked in schools where special needs children were the sole students, and in schools that mainstreamed. Towards my EdD, I am looking at the pragmatic results of inclusion versus mainstreaming versus self-contained classrooms. All three offer different learning envir onments and are based upon public law 94-142, now called the Individual with Disabilities Education Act (Demonte, 2010). Until 1975, schools simply had to describe the student as different to either exclude the student from school or tell the parent to institutionalize the student (p.158). When the IDEA came into being, schools acknowledged special needs students who previously they would not accept into their school (p.165). I remember distinctly in 1969, that separate classrooms housed and educated students with disabilities. It was the beginning of my journey in working with at risk populations. Mr. Papanek was the special education teacher and I remember his compassion and commitment to these children. I often volunteered to use my study hall cl... ....proxy1.ncu.edu/docview/750493608?accountid=28180 Higbee, J.L., Katz, R.E., & Schultz, J.L. (2010). Disability in higher education: Redefining mainstreaming. Journal of Diversity Management, 5(2), 7-16. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/docview/506637577?accountid=28180 Litvack, M.S., Ritchie, K.C., & Shore, B.M. (2011) High- and average-achieving students' perceptions of disabilities and of students with disabilities in inclusive classrooms. Exceptional Children, 77(4), 474-487. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/docview/877027165?accountid=28180 Loefgren, E. (2011). The missing piece of the autism jigsaw puzzle: How the IDEA should better address discipline problems. Law & Psychology Review, 35(1), 225-238. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/docview/896739171?accountid=28180

Evolution vs. Creationism Essay -- essays research papers

Evolution vs. Creationism The Evolution vs. Creationism controversy goes all the way back to the Publishing of Origin of Species in 1859 by Darwin laying the foundation for the evolution of life to be understood. Scientists are continuously finding more evidence to support Darwin’s conclusion; that organisms descended from a common ancestor modified by the mechanism of natural selection resulting in the evolution of species adapting to their environment. The following are the main geological topics concerning creationism: radiometric dating, transitional forms and the Cambrian explosion. Creationism is nothing more than a child’s fairytale that lacks any scientific proof. The aspect of radiometric dating is controversial to most creationists on the grounds that it is unreliable and has error factors. One creationist points out: â€Å"a living mollusk was once shown by carbon-14 dating to be dead for 3,000 years† (Geology). There are several things wrong with this idea. Creationists who determined this value used carbon 14 dating which is useful for determining the age of organism 50,000 years old. It is not suitable to be used for such a young organism, so the creationists make it seem as if there is something incorrect with the technique which leads to incorrect dates. Even the biggest errors, found in Carbon 14 dating, do not correspond to the 6000 year old earth that the Bible suggests. It’s almost as if they are trying to ‘create’ problems on the purpose so they can prove...

Mutual Respect Between Students and Teachers Essay -- Education Relati

Mutual Respect Between Students and Teachers The relationship between students and teachers should be one of mutual respect. Students should listen to the teacher and try their best in the class. Teachers, on the other hand need to do their best to give their students a quality education and respect them as individuals. There should be a set curriculum, but teachers need to be creative in how they teach what is required. California is considered one of the lowest in terms of education standards. In order for this to change, teachers and students both need to start working towards a solution. Students need to have more respect for their teachers and take more responsibility for their education. I have noticed a difference in the attitudes of people in high school now and when I went to school. Some high school teachers tell me that their students come to school high on marijuana, or drunk. From my own experience with young people at my workplace, I noticed when they go out, they often talk about different drugs they will take to heighten their enjoyment, and have heard some comment they don't want to go somewhere like Disneyland, or Magic Mountain sober. When I attended high school, people would drink and do drugs at parties, but only the "stoners" would do anything at school, or at most other functions. Some of the students I talked to at work said they feel school is boring and they don't learn anything from their teachers. Most of the homework their teachers give them is busy work. Some pointed out they learned more in elementary school and junior high, but haven't learned much in high school. Another point that was made was the lack of useful electives. Art, Auto shop, and Music are offered, but there are no busin... ...ross boundaries in a classroom they may see as intimidating, and a revision of how we see educational excellence. (117) Education will only improve if teachers and students learn to respect each other's positions. A place to start is by finding a common ground, an understanding. The curriculum, canon, or list of "Great Books" is a good common starting place. By keeping this canon in our schools, we will keep a common link between generations. The next step is the teachers' presentation of their lessons. The students need to be able to relate to the lessons. The final step is the students. They must take responsibility for their education and try to learn what is being presented to them. Works Cited Rose, Mike. "Lives on the Boundary." The Presence of Others. Ed. Andrea A. Lunsford, John J. Ruszkiewicz. Boston, New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000. 105-119.

Feu You and Me

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThere are four (4) key success factors which are critical to the success of a regular law school industry. These are :1) Good reputation of the school;2) High quality of instruction;3) Consistently high passing percentage of graduates in the bar examinations;4) Consistency of graduates making it to the top 10 in the bar examinations.Currently, Far Eastern University Institute of Law (FEU-IL) has an average of 22. 4% passing percentage in the bar examinations in the last five years. Compared to leading law schools such as Ateneo de Manila University School of Law, University of the Philippines and San Beda College of Law (average passing percentage in the last five years is 89. 6%, 77. 37% and 84. 29% respectively), Far Eastern University definitely does not belong to one of the preferred law schools in the country. At present, FEU-IL has inadequate facilities and library collection. It does not join in Law Debating Competitions and does not even have an official FEU-IL Journal which other leading law schools would normally have. However, FEU-IL has a dynamic and proactive Dean who has strong linkages with Law schools in the Philippines. This distinct competitive advantage can be utilized in order to make the Marketing Plan an effective and successful one for purposes of 100% enforcement. Several marketing strategies were formulated for the FEU-IL. Some of these are as follows: ) Product Development Strategy = This includes enhancement of the Mission / Vision Statement of the FEU-IL, improvement of the facilities and library collection, enhancement of the IL curriculum which would eliminate the Socratic Method of teaching, involvement of faculty members in the syllabi construction and curriculum development for IL, creation of the FEU-IL journal, and conducting seminars for lawyers under the Mandatory Continuing Legal Education Program (MCLE) 2) Product Positioni ng Strategy = This includes the formation of the FEU-IL Debating Council, and the formation of the FEU-IL Website. ) Predatory Marketing Promotion Strategy = This distinct strategy involves campus visits by the Dean of the Institute of Law in cooperation with the Admissions and Placement Office. 4) Other advertising and PR blitz – This includes print advertisements and write-up showcasing the top graduates of Far Eastern University, distribution of flyers, TV guestings and other press releases. The marketing expense rate for 2006 (1. 72%) is considered within acceptable range. As a result, marketing plan will post a phenomenal growth rate of 46. 0% by SY 2006-2007. With the execution of this marketing plan, FEU-IL will become the preferred law school in the Philippines as it achieves the following in the year 2007: 1. Increase market share by 5%. 2. Reinforce the brand to aspiring lawyers through niche marketing. 3. Increase visibility in all legal fora. 4. Attract better qua lity students in order to raise the bar passing percentage of the school. 5. Increase profit by 10%. CURRENT MARKETING SITUATION TYPE OF INDUSTRY:Regular Law School IndustrySIZE OF THE INDUSTRY:This marketing plan will focus only on the regular law school industry in the NCR Region (such as Ateneo de Manila University (AdMU), University of the Philippines (UP), San Beda College (SBC), University of the East (UE), Lyceum University (Lyceum), Arellano University School of Law (AUSL), San Sebastian College (SSC), Manuel L. Quezon University (MLQU) and Far Eastern University (FEU). This excludes hybrid programs such as the JD-MBA program. Over the years, the number of law schools has steadily increased and recently, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) reported that there are 104 law schools operating in the country. The great majority of lawyers graduated from private law schools. Of the 59 law schools listed by the Supreme Court in 1999 in connection with the bar examinations for that year, only eight are state or public law schools. Of the eight state-supported schools, two are established by chartered cities, five are regional schools, and one national law school which is the UP College of Law. About 28 law schools are university-based. At least nine schools are run by Catholic religious orders. One law school forms part of a state university established for the Muslim community and maintains education in Islamic Law. The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) supervises law schools in the country. Graduates earn a Bachelor of Laws (LL. B. ) or Juris Doctor (J. D. ) degree. The potential market would comprise fresh graduates, holders of MBA and PhD Degrees, doctors, nurses, accountants, engineers, architects and government officers STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE INDUSTRY: Around 80% of the average law school population are working students who study at night being taught mostly by part time faculty, while the rest are enrolled in day or weekend classes. Most Philippine law schools subscribe to the American law school teaching model. Law teaching was done through lectures. English is the medium of instruction. Class attendance is compulsory. The â€Å"modified Socratic method† in which questions and answers were generally derived from assigned texts and the case study system are the most widely used. A strategic weakness of the legal education in the Philippines is the part time character of the faculty. Law schools draw lecturers from the courts and law firms. Pursuing their full time work in the Court of Appeals or Regional Trial Courts and in law offices, law teachers go to the law schools in the evening to lecture or hold classes, within the duration of their contracts. Moreover, hardly is there a full-time law dean. The only exception prevails in the U. P. College of Law which keeps a full-time dean and 20 full-time faculty members, in addition to 30 adjunct or non-regular professorial lecturers. The annual bar examinations is a rite of passage deemed locally to be the ultimate test of excellence for students and for law schools. Each year, on four Sundays in September, around 4,000 law graduates take the bar examination. About 20% pass each year, or about 800 new lawyers. Applying this gauge, a little over 15% of law schools are performing above par. The Supreme Court is constitutionally vested with the exclusive power over admission into the bar. It exercises this power through the bar examinations, administered by the Court itself. By way of example, the Court, by identifying the subjects and the coverage of each subject, effectively tells the law schools what courses to offer and what laws to teach. Tools that were utilized in order to assess the structure of the industry are: 1) Porter Framework – The ultimate function of this framework is to identify companies competing with each other and analyze the four factors affecting the competitive situation of the Regular Law School Industry (NCR) 2) Mckinsey Matrix – One of the tools used in order to analyze the competition. This matrix is composed of two parts such as the business position in the vertical analysis and market attractiveness in the horizontal axis. 3) Winner Analysis – It is used to analyze what makes a competitor a winner and a loser. The FEU-IL will be evaluated based on the industry’s assessment of winners and losers. 4) Competitor Fact Sheet (Figure 4. 1)– contains comprehensive facts about the competitors in the regular law school industry. Detailed facts are presented such as: how old is the law school, size of enrollment, number of topnotchers for the last five (5) years, Average passing percentage for the last five (5) years, tuition fees, best features, professor-student ratio, and areas for improvement. PORTER FRAMEWORK [pic] REGULAR LAW SCHOOL INDUSTRY This framework establishes the market segments which the FEU-IL can tap (i. . New graduates and Entrepreneurs). There is also a need to be competitive on facilities and library collections as this affect the regular law school industry where FEU-IL belongs MCKINSEY MATRIX (Figure 6. 1) The matrix utilized two (2) components that determined the over-all performance of the regular law school industry, namely: Business Position and Market Attrac tiveness. The business position is based on the following criteria: 1. Revenues 2. Enrollment 3. Stability 4. Growth On the other hand the market attractiveness is based on the following criteria: 1. Track Record 2. Reputation 3. Quality Instruction 4. Facilities 5. Reasonable tuition fees The matrix will indicate that UP, SBC and AdMU are leaders of the industry. However, UST and AUSL are beginning to make their marks in the industry. UST and AUSL have the potential of becoming the leaders in the industry. MLQU lags behind among the law schools mentioned. WINNER ANALYSIS (Figure 6. 3) In the Winner Analysis, you will see that FEU is considered a loser, having 3 out of 4 characteristics of a loser. THE STATE OF THE PHILIPPINE LEGAL EDUCATION In a recent study, it was observed that schools that do well in the bar examinations â€Å"remain to be producers of higher percentage of passing rates and they share similar policies such as the rigid/screening process, maintenance of high level of academic performance in their law subjects, adoption of the quotient point index (QPI) to remain in the law school, hiring of deans with pro-active hands-on management style, and infusion of financial resources to the law library to better equip the faculty and students with the mass of the legal knowledge, data and materials to enhance their skills and aptitude in the field of law. The study recommended that the law curriculum/program be improved and developed so as to produce competent world-class lawyers with proper sense of ethical values in exercising their profession. It is also stressed the need for new policy standards on the law program that will take into account several major developments in the field of law during the past decade and the trend towards globalization of the practice of the profession. THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY The Arellano University School of Law is the only law school in the Philippines with a comprehensive legal database and which is available for free on the internet. Lex Libris, which is on subscription basis, and which provides practically the same data, is another Philippine database. Many of the younger law faculty in Metro Manila use computers to illustrate material in class through powerpoint presentations. They are likewise already transmitting syllabi and course materials to students over the Internet. Electronic casebooks and textbooks are now being marketed locally although they are not very popular among law students. No law school in the Philippines, as of this writing, has required students to own or bring computers.KEY SUCCESS FACTORSConsidering the current external environment, the following constitutes the key success factors critical to the success of the industry: 1. Good reputation of the school 2. High quality of instruction 3. Consistently high passing percentage of graduates in the bar examinations. 4. Consistency of graduates making it to the top ten in the bar examinations.OPPORTUNITY AND ISSUE ANALYSIS BRIEF HISTORY OF THE COMPANYThe FEU Institute of Law opened its doors in 1934, making it one of the older colleges of law in the country. It prides itself as a pedigreed law school from whose ranks two other law schools located in the university belt were formed. The Institute is proud of its alumni whose accomplishments have honored their alma mater and the legal profession. These include two justices of the Supreme Court, a Secretary of Justice, several Justices of the Court of Appeals and Sandiganbayan, regional and municipal trial court judges and government prosecutors. In addition, many of its graduates now occupy positions of leadership in the community and play vital roles in legal practice, business and government service. Also, the Institute has the unique distinction of having two Senate Presidents serve as Dean – Jovito Salonga from 1957-1961 and Neptali Gonzales from 1976-1986. In 2003, the Institute teamed-up with the De La Salle University Graduate School of Business to offer the JD-MBA program, the first graduate dual degree program in law and business administration. The dual degree program prepares students to approach problems from the perspectives of both a business executive and a lawyer. This program is designed to provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary to excel in two interrelated disciplines and to understand the interrelationships between them. It has been the Institute’s consistent policy to provide quality legal education at an affordable cost. The Institute of Law endeavors to maintain its tradition of being a law school that remains a haven for the working but deserving class. VISION STATEMENT It has been the Institute’s consistent policy to provide quality legal education at an affordable cost. The Institute of Law endeavors to maintain its tradition of being a law school that remains a haven for the working but deserving class. MISSION STATEMENT To complement the objectives of the legal education enumerated in Republic Act 7662, the Institute of Law is committed to pursue the following: †¢ To impart to the law students a broad knowledge of law and its various fields, and of the role and functions of legal institutions; †¢ To develop their legal research skills and to analyze, articulate and apply the aw effectively, as well as to enable them to gain a total approach to legal problems and issues †¢ To prepare law students for advocacy, counseling and decision-making and imbue them with the ability to deal with legal problems; †¢ To inculcate in them the ethics and responsibilities of the legal profession; †¢ To train young men and women for the legal profession known for their technical competence, professional zeal and unblemished integrity. BUSINE SS SYSTEMS MODEL a) Admission of students b)Processing of students [pic] [pic] The FEU-IL Business System Model describes the processing of human resources, particularly lawyers. It has two components: 1) Admission of Students — Before a student is admitted in the FEU-IL program, he has to take an entrance examination. Once he passes the entrance examination, he becomes eligible to enroll in the FEU Institute of Law. 2) Processing of Students – Once a student becomes eligible to enroll at the FEU Institute of Law, he now enrolls the subjects which he is required to complete. All methods of instruction are done inside the classrooms with the Professors of Law supervising the students. Final grades will be given to the students through the professors of law at the end of every semester. Upon completion of all the academic requirements, he now becomes eligible to take the Bar Examination administered by the Supreme Court. The graduate reviews for six months and once he passes the bar examinations, he is now admitted to the bar. It is important to take note of the business system model because this will be the blue print for making the marketing plan for the FEU-Institute of Law SWOT ANALYSIS A SWOT analysis is a tool in determining the company’s strengths and weaknesses, exploiting the different opportunities which the company might face and thinking of ways in order to ward off the possible threats that it may face. It tends to present alternative courses of actions that will be the basis for the various marketing strategies that will be utilized for the marketing plan of FEU-IL. The strategies should address the following issues: †¢ How can the company overcome its weaknesses to ward off the threats it faces? (WT Strategies) †¢ How can the company utilize its strengths to ward off the threats it faces? (ST Strategies) †¢ How can the company utilize its strengths to exploit the opportunities it faces? (SO Strategies) †¢ How can the company overcome its weaknesses to exploit the opportunities it faces? (WO Strategies) |Opportunities (O) |Threats (T) | | |MRT |Bad pronouncements about lawyers | | |Good write-up about FEU |Many lawyers are dragged in scandals | | |TV guestings |High attrition rate in the bar examination | | | |High cost of living | |Strengths (S) |SO Strategies |ST Strategies | |Good location |Flyer Distribution at MRT (O1,S1, S3) |Print Ad showcasing top gradua tes of FEU-IL| |Reasonable fees |TV pluggings (O2, O3, S4) |(T1, T2, S3) |Good Instruction |Press releases of testimonials who |Intensive Review for the bar examinations | |Proactive dean |benefited from the reasonable tuition fees |(T3, S2, S3) | |Offers the MBA-JD Program in cooperation |(O2, O3, S2, S3) |Inviting bar lecturers and appointing them | |with the DLSU School of Graduate Studies |Conduct a Tamaraw Tour in chosen |as professorial chairs (S2, S3, T1, T2, T3)| | |universities and provide promotional CDs |Aggressive improvement of the physical | | |for give away (S4, O2, O3) |plant and library collection of the | | | |Institute (S4, T3) | | | | | |Weaknesses (W) |WO Strategies |WT Strategies | |Inadequate facilities |Full scholarship to honor graduates with |Creation of the FEU IL Journal containing | |Low passing percentage rate as compared to |stipend (W3, O2, O3) |the published works of the FEU-IL Faculty | |the leaders |Creation of the FEU Law Debating team to |with th e latest legal updates and Supreme | |No topnotchers for the last five (5) years |prepare FEU-IL students to win in |Court Resolutions (T1, W4,) | |Current image: not a preferred law school |competitions (W2, W3, W4, W5, S3) | | |Inability to attract quality students |Creation of the FEU-IL Website containing | | |Support Staff service |the IL Curriculum, syllabi and other | | |Lack of financial resources |activities that are pertaining to the | | |Faculty unrest |Institute of Law (i. e. bar exam operations,| | |No fulltime Associate Dean |articles published by FEU-IL faculty, etc. )| | |Inadequate library collection |(W4, W14, O2) | |Absence of professorial chairs | | | |Problem in salary structure of faculty | | | |members | | | |Weak U-belt Consortium Bar Review | | | |Lack of published research colloquia within| | | |the Institute | | | |Faction in the IL Alumni Foundation and IL | | | |Management | | | STRATEGIC ISSUES 1) How will the Far Eastern University Institute of Law inc rease its market share? 2) How will Far Eastern University Institute of Law become the preferred law school in the Philippines? DISTINCT COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE FEU-IL has a pro-active, young and charismatic Dean who is elected President of the Association of Law Schools in the Philippines for three consecutive terms and who finished his Master of Laws at Harvard University, U. S. A. SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE The FEU — Institute of Law has produced a total of 74 topnotchers for the last 71 years of forefront in the law school industry. One of them is Artemio Panganiban, now the Supreme Court Justice of the Philippines, and Jose N. Nolledo, an author of various books in Commercial Law and Remedial Law. MARKETING GOALS / OBJECTIVES 1. Within 2007, FEU Institute of Law will increase market share by 5%. 2. Reinforce the FEU Institute of Law brand to aspiring lawyers through niche marketing. 3. Within SY 2006-2007, the FEU Institute of Law will increase visibility in all legal fora. 4. Within 2007, FEU Institute of Law will be able to attract better quality students in order to raise the bar passing percentage of the school. 5. Within 2007, FEU Institute of Law will increase profit by 10%. MARKETING STRATEGIES I. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY a. Enhancement of the Mission and Vision Statement of the FEU-IL The Vision and Mission Statement of FEU-IL should be improved and enhanced in order to achieve the above marketing goals. The following is the suggested Mission/Vision for FEU-IL: We are committed to produce lawyers equipped with globally relevant, competitive and real world skills. Our graduates are trained to be service-oriented to their clients but at the same time mindful of their social responsibilities to the community and their ethical duties towards the administration of justic e. † â€Å"Through our core values of teamwork, responsibility and integrity, we shall passionately dedicate ourselves to the development of the mind and spirit of our students by adequately preparing them to become committed and responsible citizens responding to the changing needs of the global community and ready to provide the required specialized legal services. † b. Physical Plant: There is a need to be aggressive in purchasing law books that will be utilized by students for their studies. The FEU Law Library must be physically equipped and ready for the acquisition and storage of new books that will be used as a tool for effective instruction. There is also a need to improve the physical plant of the Institute. Most of the law schools in the University belt area are now having sound proof rooms and sturdy chairs with AVR facilities. Some law schools have their own exclusive law building to accommodate more enrollees with state-of-the-art facilities. Today, there is no escape for the need of becoming globally competitive in terms of facilities and instruction. It is also appropriate for the University to have an image of a technologically oriented institution with a view of providing quality but affordable legal education for the working class. c. Enhancement of the IL Curriculum: In a recent study of the Best Practices of Law Schools in the United States and United Kingdom, the following were noted: 1. A law school can best achieve excellence and have the most effective academic program when it possesses a clear mission, a plan to achieve that mission, and the capacity and willingness to measure its success or failure. Absent a defined mission and the identification of attendant student and institutional outcomes, a law school lacks focus and its curriculum becomes a collection of discrete activities without coherence. If a school does not assess its performance, it can easily be deluded about its success, the effectiveness of its pedagogical methods, the relevance of the curriculum, and the value of its services to its constituencies. A law school that fails to assess student performance or its performance as an institution, or that uses the wrong measures in doing so, has no real evidence that it is achieving any goals and objectives. A law school that lacks evidence of achievement invites demands for accountability (Gregory Munro, Outcomes Assessment For Law Schools 3-4, Institute for Law Teaching 2000) 2. It is especially important for law schools to clearly articulate specific outcomes for their programs of instruction. 3. Law schools should be encouraged to coordinate their programs of instruction and to integrate the teaching of theory, doctrine and practice. Legal educators should be discouraged in relying on the case method / Socratic dialog, to make problem-based learning the primary mode of instruction and to be more attentive to basic principles of effective education. 4. There is a need for law schools to employ teachers who are 100% committed to excellent teaching and to establish improved teacher development programs. 5. There must be a regular evaluation of the school’s program of instruction to determine whether its objectives are achieved effectively or efficiently. This can be done by soliciting and incorporating opinions from outside the academy, and gathering information from students about their needs and objectives. 6. Best practices for delivering instruction are: 1) Coordinate the Program of Instruction; 2) Integrate the teaching of theory, doctrine and practice; 3) Employ basic principles of effective educational programs; 4) Encourage active learning and give prompt feedback; 5) Effective Time Management; 6) Use of technology. In this regard, it is suggested that the Institute of Law enforce the following in the enhancement of its Faculty Instruction: 1. The problem method (as opposed to the Socratic Method) should be used to achieve clear, appropriate objectives. It requires students to analyze and answer legal problems in context. Extensive research of the students is required. If possible, cases and Supreme Court rulings should be assigned to facilitate legal problems in context. It is also advised that there must be integration of teaching theory, doctrine and practice. Exposure to real life situations (i. e. interviews or sponsored tours) should also be incorporated in each subject so that students will have to apply what they have learned in theory. 2. All subjects offered by the FEU-IL must have a syllabi in modular format, specifying the topics to be discussed with the objectives to be achieved every meeting. Activities every topic should be indicated to guide students on what is expected of them every meeting. 3. Recruitment of efficient and effective teachers who are 100% committed to teaching is imperative. That is why a regular evaluation of quality of instruction of teachers should be done on a regular basis (i. e. monthly) to determine if effectiveness of the instruction is being done consistently and regularly. Feedback from students regarding their suggestions and concerns should be addressed immediately, favorable or unfavorable. 4. It is imperative that faculty members take part in the program development of the Institute’s curriculum. Committees should be formed among the faculty members in the Institute of Law to make faculty members involved in IL’s growth and development. 5. In determining the placement of law graduates who newly passed the bar, continuous collection of data on educational outcomes will be used for the school to articulate how these educational outcome data is used to improve individual student and overall program performances. This can be done by soliciting and incorporating opinions from different employers outside the academy. 6. Strategic planning workshop is therefore imperative to achieve excellent quality of instruction. Participants will be the Dean of the Institute, the Associate Dean, chosen faculty of the Institute, the Supervisor and a Supreme Court Justice (if possible) to map out program of activities and wish list for the Institute of Law. d. FEU-IL Journal The formation of the FEU-IL Journal is an excellent tool for research and development and a good forum for IL faculty members to publish their works. It is suggested that FEU-IL coordinate closely with the Office of Research and Development of Far Eastern University for the mechanics. e. MCLE Provider For your information, the Mandatory Continuing Legal Education (MCLE) is a requirement for all lawyers to comply. In this regard, all members of the bar are required to attend the MCLE seminars to be abreast of the new laws and procedures in the legal profession. Currently, some agencies and universities (i. e. UP College of Law, Arellano Law School, Integrated Bar of the Philippines) are already MCLE providers, giving seminars for the lawyers. As of this date, no agency or law school in the University Belt Area has become an MCLE provider. It is suggested that the FEU Institute of Law would apply as an MCLE provider. To be an MCLE provider at an affordable fee will be a good promotion for the school, aside from the fact that it is a good source of funding for the FEU Institute of Law for the improvement of its facilities and physical plant. f. Administration of the FEU Institute of Law: A delineation of duties and responsibilities is now appropriate and forthcoming for the FEU Institute of Law with respect to its Dean and Associate Dean. The Associate Dean should now be directly in-charge in serving the needs of the students and faculty in the Institute of Law while the Dean is directly in-charge of networking and promoting FEU Institute of Law with other universities and colleges Managing the Curriculum, Instruction, faculty and students should be done by the Associate Dean. Staff members should also be pro-active in walking the extra mile in giving excellent service, not only to students, but also to visiting prospective students. There should be series of training for the staff members of FEU-IL to prepare them for the SY 2005-2006. II. PRODUCT POSITIONING STRATEGY a. Formation of the FEU-IL Debating Council There must be an active Law Debating Council to compete with the different law schools within the country. The formation of an active Law Debating Council will expose the students to various debating competitions. With the aim of becoming No. 1 in debating competitions, it will help boost the image of the FEU Institute of Law across all law schools in the country. The Oracle and Debating Council is the official debating council in Far Eastern University. It is suggested that the FEU Oracle and Debating Council should help in the formation of an active FEU Institute of Law Debating Council to help boost the FEU Institute of Law’s image in winning debate competitions. b. FEU-IL Website There must be a regular, effective and comprehensive FEU-IL Website that will show the Institute’s Vision, Curricula and syllabi of the different subjects. The Website is also a good tool for the Institute to make it as a forum for bar exam operations. III. PREDATORY MARKETING PROMOTION STRATEGY AGGRESSIVE ARTICULATION CAMPAIGN (TAMARAW CAMPUS TOUR) Leading law schools in the industry do not engage in an aggressive articulation campaign since they are confident that there will have enrollees, considering their reputable image in the industry. Therefore, a flank attack is necessary to attack the weakness of these leading law schools. It is suggested that the Dean of the Institute of Law, in coordination with the Admissions, Placement Office, establish a strategy on how to go to different colleges and universities in the Metro Manila Area, and possibly in the provincial areas, to articulate the FEU Institute of Law. No dean in Metro Manila has done any aggressive articulation campaign by going to different universities and colleges. It will be the first time in history that a dean will be doing school to school articulation on behalf of the FEU Institute of Law. In-campus entrance exams, in coordination with the Registrars of the universities involved, may also be conducted to further facilitate the admission of students who desire to take up Bachelor of Laws. That is why there is a need for a fulltime Associate Dean who should be the one in-charge of the management and administration of the FEU Institute of Law while the Dean is busy establishing network and doing articulation within the country. IV. ADVERTISING AND PR BLITZ The company will engage into the following advertising and promotion strategies: 1. Print ads or write-up showcasing the top graduates of Far Eastern University (i. e. Justice Artemio Panganiban) 2. Distribution of flyers near the MRT UBelt station regarding the FEU-IL 3. Engage in TV guestings to give FEU-IL the opportunity plug its IL program. 4. Press release of testimonials of several FEU-LAW Alumni. 5. Distribution of brochures and promotional CDs during the Tamaraw Campus Tour CURRENT MARKET SEGMENTATION STRATEGY OF FEU-IL [pic] Proposed Segmentation Strategy for FEU-IL: Within 2008, the market segmentation will be composed of 90% Fulltime students and 10% Working professionals as hereto indicated: ACTION PROGRAM FOR SY 2005-2006 Sales Plan June – August 2005 |Activity |In-Charge |Target Date |Budget |Expected Output | |Printing of brochures |Associate Dean |June 1, 2005 |Printing |10,000 brochures printed | | | | |P4 x 10,000 = P40,000 | | |Training of Office Staff |Associate Dean |July 15, 2005 |Food |Trained office staff | | | | |P135 X 7 = P945. 0 | | |Printing of Flyers |Associate Dean |June 1, 2005 |P2 X 20,000 = P40,000 |20,000 flyers printed | |Promotional CDs |Associate Dean |August 1, 2005 |P25 X 200 = P5,000 |200 Promotional CDs for give| | | | | |away | |TAMARAW CAMPUS TOUR / |Dean / Admissions and |July 15, 2005-August|Transportation |Visited 45 schools | |Articulation , Metro |Placement Office |30, 2005 |P200 X 3 (schools)=P600 X 15 | | |Manila Area | | |days= P9,000. 00 | | |MCLE provider |Associate Dean |June 30, 2005 |Application fee =P2,000. 00 | | September – November |Activity |In-Charge |Target Date |Budget |Expected Output | |Printing of the FEU IL |Dean / Associate Dean / |October 15 |P45,000. 0 |Printed Journal | |Journal |Director for Research and| | |containing published | | |Development | | |works of faculty | | | | | |members of the FEU-IL, | | | | | |with up to date laws | | | | | |and Supreme Court | | | | | |rulings | |School Tour / Articulation |Dean / Admissions and |September 15- November|Transportation |Visited 45 schools | |, Metro Manila Area |Placement Office |15 |P200 X 3 (schools)=P600 X 15 | | | | | |days= P9,000. 0 | | |Information Dissemination |Dean |November 30, 2005 |Flyers |Printed flyers and | |for the MCLE Seminars | | |P4 x10,000 = P40,000 |posters for the MCLE | | | | |Posters |Seminars | | | | |P25 X 200 = P5,000 | | December 2005-February 2006 |Activity |In-Charge |Target Date |Budget |Expected Output | |School Tour / Dean / Admissions and |January 15-February |Transportation |Visited 15 schools | |Articulation, Provincial|Placement Office |28, 2006 |P400 X 3 (schools)=P1,200 X 5= | | |Area | | |P9,000. 00 | | |MCLE Semi nar |Dean / Associate Dean |January, 2006 |Food |An MCLE accredited | | | | |P60 x 75 = P4,500 |seminar for the lawyers | | | | |Production of handouts | | | | | |100 pages x P2 x 75=P15,000. 0 | | March 2006-May 2006 |Activity |In-Charge |Target Date |Budget |Expected Output | |School Tour / |Dean / Admissions and |March 15, 2006-May |Transportation |Visited 15 schools | |Articulation, Provincial|Placement Office |15, 2006 |P400 X 3 (schools)=P1,200 X 5= | | |Area | | |P9,000. 00 | | |Printing of the FEU-IL |Associate Dean / Director |April 15, 2006 |P45,000. 0 |An informative journal | |Journal |for Research and | | |containing the latest | | |Development | | |laws, decisions of the | | | | | |Supreme Court and | | | | | |administrative bodies; and| | | | | |articles written by | | | | | |Faculty members of the | | | | | |FEU-IL | |Promotional CDs |Associate Dean |March 1, 2005 |P25 X 200 = P5,000 |200 Promotional CDs for | | | | | |give away | ADVERTISING PLAN June – Augus t 2005 Activity |In-Charge |Target Date |Budget |Expected Output | |Production of posters |Associate Dean |August 15, 2005 |Printing |50 sets of printed posters | | | | |P20 x 50 = P1,000. 00 | | |Production of T-Shirts |Associate Dean |July 1, 2005 |Printing |50 shirts produced | | | | |P50 x 250 =P5,000. 00 | | March 2006-May 2006 Activity |In-Charge |Target Date |Budget |Expected Output | |AD regarding the FEU-IL |Dean |March 15, 2006- |Billboard = P30,000. 00 |-Billboard advertising the | |and its successful | | |Newspaper Ad (for |FEU-IL | |graduates or topnotchers | | |PDI)=P50,000. 00 |-printed advertisement of | | | | | |the FEU-IL | PR PLAN June – August 2005 Activity |In-Charge |Target Date |Budget |Expected Output | |TV Guesting |Dean |July 15, 2005 |Tranportation= P200 |Guested in a TV program to | | | | |Honorarium= P2,000 |give his legal opinion on an | | | | | |important issue; Plugged | | | | | |FEU-IL | September – November 2005 |Activity |In-Charge |T arget Date |Budget |Expected Output | |Write-up in a newspaper |Dean |October 15, 2005 |Honorarium for the writer |Published article | |regarding testimonial of | | |P5,000. 0 |regarding the testimonial | |an FEU-IL Alumnus (PDI) | | | |of one of the successful | | | | | |FEU-IL Alumnus | |Write-up in a magazine |Dean |November 15, 2005 |Honorarium for the writer |Published article | |regarding one of the top | | |P5,000. 00 |regarding one of the top | |graduates in the FEU-IL | | | |graduates in the FEU-IL | December 2005-February 2006 |Activity |In-Charge |Target Date |Budget Expected Output | |TV Guesting |Dean |July 15, 2005 |Tranportation=P200 |Guested in a TV program | | | | |Honorarium=P2,000 |to give his legal opinion| | | | | |on an important issue; | | | | | |Plugged FEU-IL | FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF LAW FINANCIAL PROJECTION OF REVENUES AND EXPENSES FOR SY 2005-2006 a) Growth Rate | |Revenues |Increase (Decrease) |% | |SY2004-2005 |P14,063,233. 00 | | | |SY2005- 2006 |P14,488,740. 0 |P 425,517. 00 | 3. 02 | |SY2006-2007 |P21,285,000. 00 |P6,796,260. 00 | 46. 90 | b) Marketing Expense Rate | |Revenue |Attributed Marketing Expense |Marketing Expense Rate | |SY 2005-2006 |P14,488,740. 00 |P267,124. 00 |1. 84% | |SY 2006-2007 |P21,285,000. 00 |P365,885. 00 |1. 72% | ) Revenue-Marketing Expense Ratio NR – OR ————————= 21,285,000. 00 – 14,488,740. 00 =P6,796,260. 00 NME-OME ————————————– —————– 365,885 – 267,124. 00 P98,760. 00 P68. 82 ** For every P1 spent on marketing expense, FEU-IL generates P68. 82 return. Thus, the marketing plan is deemed cost effective. The additional P98,760. 00 marketing budget can yield an incremental tuition revenue of P6,796,260. 00 (Note: The impact of a marketing budget can only be reflected in the succeeding schoolyear) RISK ASSESSMENT AND CONTROLS Predicted Problems to be encountered |Suggested Control Measure | |Marketing Budget might not be approved by top management |Always provide a justification for the approval of the marketing | | |budget | |Press releases may not be cost-effective |PR Company must submit copy of press releases for documentation | | |purposes. Press releases should be filed properly with all the | | |expenses allotted to it. The papers should be placed under Public| | |Relations file with the indispensable back-up in case of | | |misplacement; | | |There must be proper recording and filing of all expenses | | |incurred. | |Students, Staff and Faculty members might not cooperate |Make the students, staff and faculty members appointed responsible| | |and accountable in certain tasks | |Desired outputs of the Marketing plan are not met. A regular post-evaluation per activity must be done to determine | | |the problems encountered and the solutions to be done in order to | | |arrest future problems; | |A scandal may erupt which could lead to tarnish the name of |The IL Dean, Associated Dean and Faculty should guide properly IL | |the FEU-IL |students and graduates | |Factionalism could affect marketing efforts |Infuse new blood. | A P P E N D I X ———————– Promotion of the school Substitutes Good income Entrepreneurship Managerial work Overseas work Stud ent enrolls ee To be an esteemed professional Pursue other high income professions such as medicine, architecture, accountancy, engineering Professional Growth in legal practice Diploma / Certificate of Participation in Seminars sponsored by the IBP The need to pass the bar exams Enroll in Hybrid programs (MBA-JD Program) To go to law schools outside NCR Customers: †¢ New graduates †¢ Professionals †¢ Entrepreneurs †¢ Government employees 3-time flunkers in the Bar †¢ exams †¢ Transferees COMPETITORS SBC (Leader) UP (Leader) AdMU (Leader) FEU (Laggard); UST (Laggard) Lyceum (Laggard) SSC (Laggard) AUSL (Laggard) Suppliers: * Publishing Companies * E-learning resources * Office Equipment Distributors * Office Supplies Distributors * Furniture Distributors * Staffing * Law Professors New Entrant None Graduate reviews for the bar exams Student attends class and professor teaches, mentors and counsels student If prospective student passes, he enrolls Prospe ctive student takes entrance exam Will student graduate? If no If yes Graduate fails bar exams Graduate is admitted to the bar. [pic]