The Things They Carried Formalist Analysis/ Readers...

The Things They Carried Ben Cornelius The story â€Å"The Things They Carried† by Tim O’Brien is an enormously detailed fictional account of a wartime scenario in which jimmy Cross (the story’s main character) grows as a person, and the emotional and physical baggage of wartime are brought to light. The most obvious and prominent feature of O’Brien’s writing is a repetition of detail. O’brien also passively analyzes the effects of wartime on the underdeveloped psyche by giving the reader close up insight into common tribulations of war, but not in a necessarily expositorial sense.. He takes us into the minds of mere kids as they cope with the unbelievable and under-talked-about effects or rationalizing†¦show more content†¦They serve only as a tangible reminder of what they are missing and who will miss them if they fall to the earth in the war. Character growth is also essential to the story. In the beginning Cross fantasized about a girl named Martha. He fantasizes weather or not she is a virgin and subsequently, fantasizes about different ways to take her virginity. This fantasy consumes him until the day his best friend and army compatriot, Lavender, dies. Cross believes Lavenders death to be his fault and decides to put his fantasies to rest and assume, fully, a position of true leadership. This change in character is also marked by Cross’ destruction of the picture. The destruction of fantasy is also significant in that it shows Cross’ transition from boyhood into man hood. The primary difference between childhood and adulthood is the burden of responsibilities. At a certain point every young adult must submit to these or be a failure. This submission is a melancholy time as it marks the end of unbridled optimism and the beginning of pragmatism. For Cross, this change is especially melancholy because the catalyst for his change was the death of a loved one. Cross loss of innocence here is, however, not singular in the sense of the story. Cross’ loss of innocence is symbolic the loss of innocence that all of his soldiers must face. But even more so, it is symbolic of the lost

Comparing Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism Essay

Comparing Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism Works Cited Not Included The belief in some higher presence, other than our own, has existed since man can recollect. Religion was established from this belief, and it can survive and flourish because of this belief. In Chinese history, Taoism and Buddhism are two great philosophical and religious traditions along with Confucianism. Taoism, originated in China around the sixth century BCE and Buddhism, came to China from India around the second century of the Common Era, Together have shaped Chinese life and thought for nearly twenty-five hundred years. One dominant concept in Taoism and Buddhism is the belief in some form of reincarnation. The idea that life does not end when one dies is†¦show more content†¦Eventually the hope is to become immortal, to achieve Tao, to have reached the deeper life. The desire for immortality sharply contrasts Buddhist values; the Buddhist appreciates impermanence above all else. The after life for a Taoist is to be in harmony with the unive rse, to have achieved Tao (Watts, 1957). To understand the relationship between life, and the Taoism concept of life and death, the origin of the word Tao must be understood. The Chinese character for Tao is a combination of two characters that represent the words head and foot. The character for foot represents the idea of a persons direction or path. The character for head represents the idea of conscious choice. The character for head also suggests a beginning, and foot, an ending. Thus the character for Tao also conveys the continuing course of the universe, the circle of heaven and earth. This is similar in Buddhism, where wheels and circle symbols are prevalent, representing continuity, and the cyclic nature of the world. Finally, the character for Tao represents the Taoist idea that the eternal Tao is both moving and unmoving. The head in the character means the beginning, the source of all things, or Tao itself, which never moves or changes; the foot is the movement on the p ath (Schipper, 1978). Taoism upholds the belief in the survival of the spirit after death. This is something most Buddhist practitioners either disagree with entirely, orShow MoreRelatedEssay about Comparing Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism1019 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism 4. Compare and contrast Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. How are they similar? How are they different? -Question 4. Buddhism Has over 300 million members, and was founded around 2, 500 years ago in India. The founder is Gautama Siddhartha, the Buddha, or referred to as the Enlightened One. Their major scripture are The Triptaka, Anguttara-Nikaya, Dhammapada, Sutta-Nipata, Samyutta-Nikaya and many others. Buddhism today is dividedRead More Comparing Buddhims, Taoism, and Confucianism Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Buddhims, Taoism, and Confucianism There are many similarities and differences between the three religions of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. While researching this paper, I came across this quote from an unknown source that stated, ?No civilization is monochrome. In China the classical tones of Confucianism have been balanced not only by the spiritual shades of Buddhism, but also by the romantic hues of Taoism?. As each religion is surmised the similarities and differencesRead MoreThe Night Watches Of The Buddha1747 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion 2 Analyze the night Watches of the Buddha, and explain how the content was developed in the Mahayana Sutras. Mahayana Buddhism is originated in the first century C.E. and focuses on new concern for liberation through the assistance of a bodhisattva (Voorst ). Also, Mahayana Buddhism requires a body of scripture, and so began the Mahayana Canon (Voorst ). Mahayana Sutras is one of section of the Mahayana Canon, which focuses on the denial of the reality of existence and nonexistenceRead MoreChin The Four Noble Truths1353 Words   |  6 Pageswhich opened the way to the spread of Buddhism. Before this new way of life could take hold, however, the Chinese people had to learn the teachings of Buddha, such as the first sermon preached by Buddha in the fifth century B.C.E., known as â€Å"The Four Noble Truths.† Although Buddhism eventually became popular throughout China, there was opposition to the new beliefs and Chinese people struggled with replacing their old beliefs, such as Confucianism and Taoism, with this new, strange belief systemRead MoreEast Asian Concept Of Human Nature 1715 Words   |  7 PagesEast Asian Concept of human nature Introduction The Eastern Asia region is diverse. It include: Buddhism, Confucianism, Islam, Taoism, Shinto and Christianity. Confucianism and Buddhism and Taoism have dominated most parts of the region with some states governing system being based on these religions. Chinese government, constitution and the administration policies have been based on the ethics of Confucian traditions and ethics as well as philosophy. Similar to the governing ethics in these regionRead More Comparing the Philosophy of Life in Christianity and Chinese Buddhism820 Words   |  4 PagesComparing the Philosophy of Life in Christianity and Chinese Buddhism Chinese Philosophy not only is the fruit of thinking of the Chinese nation, but also is the important component part of world culture. In Chinese philosophy, there are three main parts: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Among them, Chinese Buddhism, which came from India, experienced a course of sinicization under the influence of Chinese traditional culture represented mainly by Confucianism and Taoism , so it keeps theRead MoreEssay on Confucianism vs. Buddhism1607 Words   |  7 PagesConfucianism vs. Buddhism By Robert Truckle In this essay, two world religions will be compared to see how similar and/or how different they are; these two religions are Confucianism and Buddhism. Confucianism speaks about the wise thoughts that Confucius came across throughout his life. Buddhism speaks about how to acquire great knowledge throughout life. Confucianism was founded by a Chinese man, but Buddhism was founded by an Indian man. These quick comparisons show how the religions differRead MoreReflection On And Comparison Of Religions1598 Words   |  7 Pagessins every day, through salvation and the power of reflection, God forgives. The practice of reflection within oneself can also be found in other religions including Taoism and Buddhism. The worldview of Taoism emphasizes on achieving harmony in oneself (Religious Chart, 2006). According to Monaghan Viereck (2011) followers of Taoism â€Å"practice spiritual and physical asceticism that ultimately transforms the body into a luminous being of light.† The Buddhist religion also emphasizes on reflectionRead MoreSocial Philosophy Of Confucianism1398 Words   |  6 PagesConfucianism was founded by the philosopher Confucius who was born in 551 in the Lu state of China (Biography.com Editors 2017). Confucius’s teachings focused on creating ethical models of family and public interactions and setting educational standards (Biography.com Editors 2017). Confucius died in 479 B.C., but Confucianism became the official imperial philosophy of China and its influence was significant during the Han, Tang and Song Dynasties (Biography.com Editors 2017). Confucius’s philosophyRead MoreThe Cultural Analysis Of Outdoor Leisure Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pagespractices, there is no exemption of leaving cultural aspect in analysing outdoor leisure practices. This Chapter aims to culturally analyse the outdoor leisure practices in the field sites. It firstly explains the conception of culture. Secondly, by comparing with the western outdoor leisure practices, Chinese outdoor leisure in the selected cities represents the mixed phenomenon with Chinese tradition, Socialism as well as Western popular culture. I will then argue that rather than by directly adopt

The Challenges and Rewards of Managing a Diverse Work Force

Question: You have to research and prepare an academic essay on The challenges and rewards of managing a diverse work force.The essay task requires critically evaluatation of chosen topic statement, discussing the arguments for and against the statement. Answer: In spite of that the fact that there are certain challenges toput into practice and administer diverse work force, the advantages obtained from diversity are incredible and worth assigning purposeful endeavors to make sure a winningaccomplishment. In an organization HRis believed to be a source of competitive advantage thus, diversity improves this feature and strengthen the circumstances of worth, complexity, incapability to be emulated and complexity to relocate. Founded on the relationship to RBV, quite a few studies have categorized diversity into two categories, i.e., demographic and human capital. Demographic diversity indicates the set of unchallengeable andvisible characteristics, such as nationality, race, orientation, gender, physical ability or age. While, Human capital diversity are thethe less noticeable traits such asan individuals aptitudeto carry out definite tasks. (Pollitt, 2005) emphasized in his research that HumanResource Management diversity is not only about making sure a alternate workforce in terms of physical ability, religion, age gender or ethnicity. It is really about the worth to the organization that puts into practice equality and enclosure, its the worth of a diverse set of points of view, thoughts and practice (Andrea Marie, 2013). Organizing diversity in a workplace is said as the measures considered and carried out through human resourcemanagement to put into practice a diversitymodel in the organization and make sure make the most of the probable targeted benefits and reducing the anticipated difficulties. Diversity managementdoes not only differentiates but also ties together the disparities of workers and value them, such asindividual characteristics, diverse backgrounds, orientations and religious beliefs, so that individual capacities are fully engaged and objectives of the organization are meet.Despite the fact that Equal Employment Opportunities (EEO) strategies are determined by legislative, diversity management is determined by the precise business case of each and every organization. Drivers for Diversity Understanding how profit can be obtainedfrom applying diversity is better when appearing at the reasons behind the requirements for diversity. Itis the want for a new set of new capabilities in this swiftly altering world. In this day and age there arechief inclination drivers giving emphasizing to the role of variety andinsertion.These drivers are technological advancements globalization and immigration, amplified requirement for specific education and skills, and therising aging workforce around the world. Immigration Globalization Globalization is the most important factor which has impact onhuman resources. There are precise abilities that are required in order to guidebusinesses with customers and partners from around the world into accomplishment, as well as operating with team members and employees from diverse backgrounds. Divers categories of employees can give the necessary expert employees to deal with all types of customers and partners.In the same way, immigration has distorted the face of many workforces all over the world which also insist for greater than beforecultural capability, and animportance for making sure winning diversity strategy. Demographic Shifts In developing countries, high economic growth rates that are coupled with insufficient numbers of skilled workers result in high levels of turnover.The labor pool indeveloped countries like United States, Canada and European Union is aging, which triggers the demand for reassessing employee prospect, increase flexibility and needs. These coordinated tendencies call for altering conventional events of employing and keeping workforces. Technology Fast technological advancements hadto great degree amplified convenience to information andgives clearness in organizations. In todays era Global communication has become easy and faster than ever. The free accessibility of information improves the purpose of diversity by offering employees and managers the right of entry to resources and teaching andadds to prospects of employees concerning the directness of the culture and elasticity (Leigh, 2014). Socio-Political Environment Strong political, nationalist and religious splits are quickly growing in communities all over the world and managing these receptive clashes andbuilding a culture of diversity and enclosure within the business in spite of these types of splits is a most important and vital process nowadays. Advantagesof Diversit This is run into due to employeespleasure of being treated moderately, likewise valued and the organization is protecting their self-respect which generates betterproductivity, happiness and motivation. According to a research of (Ilmakunnas, P, 2011) a mixed worker comprise of both genders, , old and young,and people with varied work experiences is a enjoyable environment to work in. Italso conveys economic benefits to workers. Forexample, a diverse image workers is going to profit productivity and therefore it will be mirrored on individual salaries too (Sanchez,Vinces, Apellaniz, 2011). Productivity Financial Performance The right policies of diversity have an effect on productivity in production purpose, a mixed or diversified staff achieves better than anon-diversified staff. Different skills and practices are placed harmonizing to each other, such as that younger personnel can learn from the older and experienced employees, younger personnel canalso be more creative than older workers. In studies made by EthnoConnect,a most vital multicultural marketing consultant in the US- Soon (Lee, 2014) the chief specialist and advertising guru, declared that Overseas administrators are enormously winning in the American business world because ofinternationalization and globalization. People from India and China profit U.S.firms with their astral quantitative skills. And people from Swiss, Germany, Britain, and French- do wellin high-level jobs. A research done on Catalyst nonprofit organization on 354 of 500 Fortune companies discovered that the Financial Performance is Higher in the Companies which have more women at the Top which give emphasis on the fact that good corporate governance is connected with gender diversity (Lahiri, 2008). OrganizationalCulture Diversityhas a great consequence onorganizational culture as it extremely emphasizes on attaining ordinary organization objectives rather than individual ones, which wasestablished to be a causebehind enhanced quality management end result of a varied set of problem resolving aptitudes in aproject group. According to a research it was found that the amplification of number of women in the employees is taking thebusiness towards horizontal managerial structure. The horizontal structure by itself improves practices and policies to make the most of the positive influence of diversity. Employee obligation Group Dynamics When the human resourcemanagers put into practice the best practices of diversity and equal breaks, the promise of workers to the organization and their work groups is elevated. It reduces the likelihood of absenteeism and attrition, which practices workers normally follow to keep away from stress, unnecessary dissatisfaction or low morale. Hence,high pretention between the brilliant labor force and the organization has proved tohave a constructive effect on the capability to managing personal conflicts, and it also produces a greater level of contribution, agreement and accord while following solutions for the project which creates better decision making (Ilmakunnas, Ilmakunnas, 2011). New Products and Services Diversitystrains ideas in balanced development firing bigger imagination and novelty. It can stimulate deliberation of less blatant options.These outcomes are the result of thriving needs of new products and services that meets the customers expectations and demands, because each varied individual symbolizes a section in the market tobe beleaguered, and is more conscious of the needs of these segment consumers. LOREAL Diversity is Innovation The cosmetic giants modus operandi for diversity management is INCLUSION = INNOVATION SUCCESS+ INNOVATION = INCLUSION + DIVERSITY This simple formula controls many functions in LOREAL According to Sumita Banerjee, Vice President of Loreal, USA The staffing of varied aptitude for our organization is significant to our capability to construct ourbusiness and impel growth in future. Loreal links with skilled talent holders such as stupendouswomen in through references, inrecruitment fairs, through placement consultants etc. Better and Bigger Talent Pool An organization which has a good repute of supporting effectual diversity polices is more capable of attracting a diverse employeesset and finding the top quality employees becomes much easier for such organization. When employing the ideal set of varied talents, the competitive environment of organization is hoisted and therefore performance is raised. Also in a growth plan, the company will have all the neededskills to better converse with clients and companies from a range of parts and countries and this is the way it can keep upwith globalization and migration trends that were mentioned earlier in the essay (Edwards, Robinson, and Woodall, 1999). Economic Growth A study was made by TheCenter for American Progress, and it was found in that study that economic growth of the country is moving ahead and is joined with theincrease of minorities and women inflowing the personnel chiefly at the entrepreneurial level. The National Association of Women Business Owners stated that women possessed 1.8 million firms, engaged 1.3millionpeople and made $164 billion in profits annually, as of 2005, another report byNational Women's Business Council, Minority reported that Latins industry owners only have created $55.6 billion between 2003 and 2011 Exchangingawareness and Forming New Attitudes For example, in Western countries the culture is that the time is money and deadlines are vital inbusiness, while in Arab countries giving deadlines is considered to be rude and there is no time set for performing important tasks. Swap those insights and putting together those with presently adopted ones can turn out better and improved attitudes that can help in better performance to the company. A model projected by (Beena, 2004) shows how team performance will be have an effect on diverse awareness of time. Better Image Companies who supportdiversity havebetter image, reputation and status and might be positionedand honored for putting into practice diversity (Kirton and Greene, 2005).. Because of a better brand image and name it would be easier for the company to attract best talent in the market. While there are many advantages of diversity, there arealso some challenges in having a diverse workforce, these challenges are mostly a product of peoples resistance which canbe prevail over assured events and gradually get rid of negativeeffects of diversity. Some of themost common challenges in diversity are - Resistance to Change This is the chief challenge which comes into force whileputting into practice diversity in a workplace, forlong recognized corporate, the staff might be very opposed to change which is anobstruction to the varied workforce who wants to survive in the organization. Interpersonal Conflict Even though diversity can lead to more creativity and enhanced problem solving; it might also lead to conflict and disorder if thereis lack of admiration amongst groupmembers. As organizations raise into more varied, they might face superior peril that employees will not work togetherefficiently and conflicts may become the custom (Morgan, 2014). Stereotypes and Biases It happens if people allocate individuality to the whole grouprather than reviewing each individual on his own qualities, and if unconstructive attitude is formed, it might result topestering. Thismanner can in future lead to the employee leaving the company which can cost the company A diversity plan should be put into practice effectively to keep away from such issues. The best way to conquer these challenges is to increase knowledge of thediversityplan and the positive points of diversity to the employees, as well as to the whole business. Trainingprograms should start with managers and should also cover all the employees, which is advantageous in making sure that the awareness is not underestimated. It is vital for organizations to realize thatDiversity is about people and people needto be taught about acknowledging this change. Employees can oppose and haveunconstructive attitudes which can in future affect the whole environment off the company. It is needed for the workers to be conscious and be trained on agreeing to and even endorsing diversity. Another significant factor in conquering the challenges are the right HRs and policies to put into practice the diversity; this can best be done through top level management (Shen, Chandra, DNetto, Monga, 2013). Conclusion In a globally competitive business world, having avaried workforce is becoming a norm.It offers theorganization with a variety of competitive advantages in the market which differs from a happy, dedicated and imaginative and innovative work force to an improved production, presentation and strong status and name. These plus points surpass the challenges as diversity certainly have an effect on the entire company structure and nature of doing business, while challenges take place only because of people who arenot willing to agree to or are not able to handle the diversity requirements. These challenges can be conquered by making the workforce conscious and skilled on accommodating diversity. We can also conclude that the role of HR managers is vital in realizing diversity in a way that helps theorganizations strategic objectives. References Andrea B., Marie S., (2013). Reaping Beneà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ts From Diversity , STRATEGICHR REVIEW VOL. Vol. 7 NO. 5 2008, Pp. 5-10, Emerald Group Publishing Limited Beena S., (2014). Workforce Diversity, Temporal Dimensions and Team Performance, Cross Cultural Management Journal, Volume 11 Number 4 2004, 40-59 Edwards, C., Robinson, O. and Woodall, J. (1999). Lost opportunities? Organizational restructuring and women managers. Human Resource Management Journal, 9 (1) Ilmakunnas, P., Ilmakunnas, S., (2011). Diversity atthe workplace: whom doesitbenefit? De Economist, 159, 223-255. Lahiri, I., (2008). Creating a Competency Model for Diversity andInclusion Practitioners,Council Perspectives, Insights from the Conference Board Council on WorkforceDiversity, US Lee, M.., (2014). Business Advantages of Diversity in the Workplace, Ethno Connect. Leigh G., (2014). Challenges of Diversity in the Workplace. Morgan, S, (2014). What Are the Benefits of Workplace Diversity?, Demand Media, GlobalPost - International News. Kirton, G., and Greene, A., (2005).The Dynamics of Managing Diversity: A Critical Approach, 2nd edition, Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann Marinas, C., Bacaescu, M.,(2009). Cultural diversity andhuman resources management in Europe. Review of International Comparative Management, 10(1), 176-186. Sanchez, T.,Vinces, J., Apellaniz, M.,(2011). HRM is Spain its diversity and the role of organizational culture: an empiricalstudy. European Journal of Social Sciences, 26(3), 389-407 Shen, J., Chandra, A., DNetto, B. Monga, M. (2013).Managing diversity through human resource management: aninternational perspective and conceptual framework. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(2), 235-251.

Rip Van Winkle Essay Essay Example

Rip Van Winkle Essay Paper Freedom brings felicity. This is a major message shown in the narrative Rip Van Winkle. Rip Van Winkle is about a adult male who slept through the American Revolution for twenty old ages. During those 20 old ages he slept. his small town and the whole state underwent a major alteration that affected the hereafter of America. Written during the early 1800s when American literature was to a great extent influenced by the Europeans. Washington Irving portrays America’s hunt for an individuality through one of the first true American literature. Rip Van Winkle. utilizing elements and features of the literary epoch of American Romanticism. We will write a custom essay sample on Rip Van Winkle Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rip Van Winkle Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rip Van Winkle Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Washington Irving was born on April 3. 1783 to wealthy parents as the youngest of 11. His older brothers influenced Irving’s gustatory sensation in literature. One brother that indirectly led Washington Irving to success was named Peter. In 1815. Peter sent Irving to Liverpool to seek to salvage their household concern at that place which was on the brink of bankruptcy. He failed to salvage it. and the concern became bankrupt in 1818. Irving chose to stay in Europe after this incident and decided to do a life as an writer. As he traveled Irving recorded his ideas. observations. and ideas in a bantam diary. He subsequently turned these entries into short narratives and compiled them into a aggregation in which he called The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon. This aggregation contained short narratives based off of European common people narratives but in American scenes. every bit good as essays. Included in the aggregation is Rip Van Winkle. which was based off of the German folk tale. Peter Klaus. The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon became a success and was well-received by Europe. in which during the collection’s publication. 1819. did non respect American literature and even thought there was no such thing. The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon became an of import milepost in American literature history. and proved that American literature could be independent of European literature. Rip Van Winkle is considered one of the theoretical accounts of American Romanticism and it demonstrates many features of this literary epoch. Normally. the chief character or hero of some literatures are already well-known and are of high position. One of the features of American Romanticism is the common adult male as the chief character or hero. The common adult male is an mundane individual ; he’s non particular or person well-known. This characteristic is demonstrated in Rip Van Winkle. â€Å"I have observed that he was a simple good-natured ; he was. furthermore. a sort neighbour. and an obedient henpecked hubby. † Rip Van Winkle is merely a common small town adult male. He does non come from a reputable household. nor does he hold a high place such as governed. He is merely a sort adult male who obeys his married woman and enjoys assisting his neighbours. Another prevailing feature of American Romanticism is the chief character’s inclination to seek safety in nature. They turn to nature when they are confronting jobs or experiencing inferior. â€Å"Poor Rip was at last decreased about to desperation ; and his lone option. to get away from the labour of the farm and blare of his married woman. was to take gun in manus and saunter off into the forests. † Here hapless Rip Van Winkle is in hurt from being invariably nagged by his married woman. Dame Van Winkle. The lone topographic point he can acquire off from her and hold peace is in the forests of the Kaatskill mountains. Nonconformity is another trait that American Romantic plants tend to possess. â€Å"Rip. in fact. was no politician ; the alterations of provinces and imperiums made but small feeling on him ; but there was one species of absolutism under which he had long groaned. and that was- petticoat authorities. † In twenty old ages. Rip Van Winkle’s small town and the whole went through a drastic alteration. Before the American Revolution. the the villagers. normally the work forces. would sit in an hostel dish the dirting about small town events. After the American Revolution. alternatively of dish the dirting about small town events. they gossip about political relations and politicians. America’s swayer changed from a male monarch to a president. These critical alterations did non involvement him. Although he did accept the fact that the people he was familiar with are gone. he chose to non conform to this â€Å"new† state. Washington Irving uses symbolism in Rip Van Winkle to showcase how the the American Revolution impacted the American society and their hereafter. Rip Van Winkle represented America. and his married woman represented England. Rip Van Winkle was controlled by his married woman. much like how America was controlled by England. When America eventually broke off from England’s control. Americans found happiness in their freedom which led them to bit by bit happen their ain individuality. including their literature individuality. When Rip Van Winkle gained freedom from the decease of his married woman. he was eventually able to be happy. to be at peace. and to be able to make as he wishes. Overall. Rip Van Winkle symbolizes how Americans are what they are today. because they eventually gained the freedom to make their ain individuality.

Pappus of Alexandria Essays - Mathematics, Geometry, Free Essays

Pappus of Alexandria Essays - Mathematics, Geometry, Free Essays Pappus of Alexandria Pappus was born in approximately 920 in Alexandria, Egypt. He was the last of the great Greek geometers and one of his major theorems is considered to be the basis of modern projective geometry ("Pappus"). Pappus flourished in the fourth century, writing his key work, the Mathematical Collection, as a guide to Greek geometry ("Biography"). In this work, Pappus discusses theorems and constructions of over thirty mathematicians including Euclid, Archimedes and Ptolemy ("Biography"), providing alternatives of proofs and generalizing theorems. The Collection is a handbook to all of Greek geometry and is now almost the sole source of history of that science (Thomas 564). The separate books of the Collection were divided by Pappus into numbered sections. In the fourth section, Pappus discusses an extension on the Pythagorean Theorem (Thomas 575) now known as Pappus Area (Williams). Pappus drew parallelograms on two sides of a triangle, extended the external parallels to intersection, connected the included vertex of the triangle and the intersection point, used the direction and length of that segment to construct a parallelogram adjacent to the third side of the triangle, and proved that the sum of the areas of the first two parallelograms is equal to the area of the third parallelogram (Williams, Thomas 578-9). Section five of book five of the Collection discusses regular solids with equal surfaces and their varying sizes (Heath 395). Pappus's conjecture was that the solid with the most faces is the greatest (Heath 396). He proved this using the pyramid, the cube, the octahedron, the dodecahedron, and the icosahedron of equal surfaces. Pappus noted that some of the other major Greek geometers had already worked out the proof of this conjecture using the analytical method, but that he would give a method of his own by synthetical deduction (Heath 395). Using 56 propositions about the perpendiculars from the center of a circumscribing sphere to a face of the solids, Pappus proved that if the dodecahedron and the icosahedron were inscribed in the same sphere, the same small circle in the sphere would circumscribe both the pentagon of the dodecahedron and the triangle of the icosahedron (Heath 396). He went on to show that the cube is greater than the pyramid, the octahedron is greater than the cube, and so on (Heath 396). One of Pappus's biggest contributions to geometry is Pappus's Theorem, which states, "If the vertices of a hexagon lie alternately on two lines, then the meets of opposite sides are collinear" ("Pappus"). When put another way, "If A, B and C are three distinct points on one line and if A', B' and C' are three different distinct points on a second line, then the intersections of AC' and CA', AB' and BA', and BC' and CB' are collinear" (Smart 26), Pappus's Theorem spawns the Geometry of Pappus. This is a finite geometry consisting of exactly nine points and nine lines. The pairs of points making up the intersecting lines are interchangeable (Bogomolny 2). Also, Pappus's Theorem is self-dual (Bogomolny 2), meaning that if the words "point" and "line" were interchanged in the theorem, it would still hold true. Thanks to the duality principle, any theorem proved for Pappus's geometry is also true for the dual geometry. According to Pappus, the purpose of the Collection was to explain the propositions established using geometrical methods by the ancient Greek mathematicians in a shorter and easier to understand from, and to introduce some useful theorems he himself discovered (Heath 429). Thanks to Pappus and his Collection, the world better understands theorems, propositions, and conjectures made by geometers such as Euclid, Archimedes and Ptolemy. And Pappus's Theorem and the resulting geometry helped to bring the idea of duality to life so it could be applied to axioms from other geometries.

Definition and Examples of Deductive Arguments

Definition and Examples of Deductive Arguments Deduction is a method of reasoning from the general to the specific. Also called deductive reasoning and  top-down logic. In a deductive argument, a conclusion follows necessarily from the stated premises. (Contrast with induction.) In logic, a deductive argument is called a syllogism. In rhetoric, the equivalent of the syllogism is the enthymeme.​ Etymology From Latin, leading Examples and Observations The fundamental property of a deductively valid argument is this: If all of its premises are true, then its conclusion must be true also because the claim asserted by its conclusion already has been stated in its premises, although usually only implicitly.Scientific Deduction and Rhetorical DeductionFor Aristotle, scientific deduction differs in kind from its  rhetorical  counterpart. True, both are conducted according to the laws of thought. But rhetorical deduction is  inferior for two reasons: it starts with uncertain premises, and it is enthymematic: it generally relies on audience presuppositions to supply missing premises and conclusions. Because conclusions cannot be more certain than their premises and because any argument is deficient in rigor that relies on audience participation for its completion, rhetorical deductions can yield at best only plausible conclusions. . . .Syllogisms and EnthymemesVery rarely in literary argument do reasoners make use of the complete sy llogism, except to render perfectly apparent the premises from which the conclusion is deduced, or to show some fault in reasoning. Deductive arguments take various forms. One premise, or even the conclusion, may not be expressed if obvious enough to be taken for granted; in this case, the syllogism is called an enthymeme. One of the premises may be conditional, which gives the hypothetical syllogism. A syllogistic argument may be involved in a statement with its reasons, or with its inferences, or may be diffused throughout an extended discussion. To argue effectively, with clearness and cogency, the reasoner must have his deductive framework clearly in mind at every point of his discussion, and keep it before the reader or hearer. Pronunciation di-DUK-shun Also Known As Deductive Argument Sources H. Kahane,  Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric, 1998Alan G. Gross,  Starring the Text: The Place of Rhetoric in Science Studies. Southern Illinois University Press, 2006Elias J. MacEwan,  The Essentials of Argumentation. D.C. Heath, 1898

The Abecedarian Project and Early Childhood Intervention Essay

The Abecedarian Project and Early Childhood Intervention - Essay Example I feel that there is a difference between the results found in this controlled study project study and what is found in the regular preschool. The reason behind my argument is unlike the regular preschool, for this controlled study there was an early intervention which determined academic improvement as compared to the regular preschool where intervention was done during the school-age. The controlled study provided long-term support where the children were provided with year-round, full-time childcare unlike the other regular preschool children who had minimal support or in some cases none. The children of the controlled study received individualized attention where there was a high ratio of staff to the student in every stage of the program which most of the regular preschool children lack (Karoly 78). The controlled study children were provided with better privileges than the regular preschool children (Karoly 113). Among these privileges were free diapers, transportation, food, a cademic and social improvement activities. The regular preschool children lacked some of these privileges and thus creating the difference. Another difference was that the children from the controlled study were brought up in better living conditions thus improving their developmental growth, socially, physically and education wise. For the regular preschool children they grew up in poverty thus had development differences. The controlled study children had a more positive head start in life, unlike preschool children.

Home work Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Home work - Assignment Example he major financial issue raised in this article is the increasing cost of health insurance and the high profits earned by health insurers despite the reduction in the availment of medical care by most Americans (Abelson, 2011). One other issue is whether health insurance companies should already be charging high premiums because they expect a rise in the pay outs they will be giving in the future. A legal issue conveyed in the article is about the effect of the health care law on the high premiums presently being charged by health insurers. Is it legal for these companies to be increasing charges already to cover the federal laws’ provisions? It is the legal responsibility of a doctor to maintain confidentiality of the medical records of his patient. It is also his legal duty to practice his profession within the scope of his training and capabilities. A doctor must work within the guidelines of the employer’s health care contract and the government’s health care legislations. Insurance premiums are rising even when patients’ demands for care are decreasing because the insurance companies are preparing themselves from any sudden rise in demand when the economy improves and the people have more money to spend on their health needs (Abelson, 2011). Some observers are also saying that the insurance companies are already preparing for the full enforcement of the health care law in 2014 where they expect to earn less when coverage will be more accommodating (Abelson, 2011). If patients are postponing preventive tests, later on it might affect the quality of their health. This is quite alarming because the possibility of curing some illnesses increase with early detection. In the long run, the amount they think they are saving from postponing preventive test may not even be enough to cure future diseases they may acquire. Delaying preventive tests can cost the patients more financially and will have a negative impact on their health. The likely

Figuring out the truth Essay Example for Free

Figuring out the truth Essay Everyone has been lied to, mistreated or even betrayed at some point in their life. That feeling is awful, but to be the person that did so wrong should feel even worse because of the pain they caused to someone else. The meaning of this quote to me is very relatable in a lot of ways, being right out of high school I know what its like to have been lied to and feeling like an idiot because you probably believed something that someone told you, you thought was the truth then ended up finding out it was all a lie. People will always find out the truth even if you don’t tell them straight up. So why do we lie? We all have done it and we know its not right but we continue to do it. Do we think that we will always get away with saying something that’s not the truth? Where is lying going to get you in life? It gets you no where, telling the truth may not be the easiest thing but it’s the right thing to do even if you have done wrong and think you should look like a good person and tell a lie to cover up what you had done but telling the truth is actually the right thing to do. People will get in trouble for telling the truth if the truth isn’t what they want to hear and they will also get in trouble for lying because it was the wrong thing to do. The truth may not always be the prettiest but it’s not as ugly as lying about something that someone is going to find out eventually. One day. In the quote Brudzinski mentions that â€Å"one day the truth will emerge†¦Ã¢â‚¬  one day someone is going to find out all the truth. One day someone is going to regret not telling the truth and having to deal with the consequences of what they lied about. Why not just face the truth and get it over with instead of living with the fact that you made someone feel better by telling a lie and knowing that when they found out you didn’t tell them what really was the truth they will feel the complete opposite of when they â€Å"thought† you told them the truth but was really all a lie. This quote to me means that people need to fess up to what they have done right in the beginning then waiting for the truth to come around and having to explain yourself for doing wrong. It relates to me a lot with my friends recently. You really get to know who your true friends are when someone gets caught in a lie. I know I have lied before to my friends to maybe get out of doing something that they all wanted to do and I now think back to that and I know that wasn’t the right thing to do and not just that but all because I didn’t want to do something that everyone else wanted to do seems so selfish. When it comes to lying theres more than not just telling the truth, you can loose friends and family because of something you said wasn’t true. How will someone ever trust you after they find out that you’ve lied to them? This quote relates mostly to middle school and high school girls. It’s the stage where everyone has to fit in so they try there best to do so and a lot of it comes with lies. Trying to fit into the popular crowd in middle school is not an easy task and no body wants to be left out. You have to have the name brand clothes, all of today’s electronics, and not to mention you have to get the boys to notice you. Girls try so hard to fit in now days, if you aren’t this skinny we cant be friends with you, if you don’t go to that concert everyone will think you’re poor. Girls are cruel to each other now days so teenage girls try their best to do what they can to have all the friends they can and lies are tossed around all the time so they can be more popular. Where are the lies getting these girls? All they will ever know is that its ok to be fake and have a mask. Lies turn people into someone there not. Be happy with what you have, you don’t need to throw out lies to just â€Å"fit in†, if someone doesn’t accept you the way you are you wouldn’t want to be friends with them anyways. I believe finding out the truth is the hardest part after being lied to. The fact that someone had to come up with a story to get out of telling the truth is sad. It doesn’t hurt one person but it hurts both people, the one who told the lie and the one who got told the lie. It makes the person who had to come up with a story to avoid the truth look like a betrayer. Don’t be that person, stand up and face the truth, you’re going to have to at some point so why make up a false statement when you could tell the true one. This quote is simply about finding out the truth. Why do people lie? Most people think they will get by most of the time but in the end someone always finds out the truth which is like a corpse in the water, someone is going to find that body eventually and the story will all come together. Why lie when someone is going to find out the truth at some point. â€Å"One day the truth will emerge, like a corpse in the water. † Wieslaw Brudzinski. The other pages. http://www. theotherpages. org/quote-16. html. February 2, 2014.

Goldratts The Goal Essay -- Goldratt Goal Bottleneck Essays

Goldratt's "The Goal" â€Å"The Goal† by Goldratt is a book about the Theory of Constraints, TOC. It is about the behavior of manufacturing facilities. It deals with bottlenecks that are the manufacturing constraints and the variability that creates them. The book states that a manufacturing organization cannot run at 100% and that you cannot balance the assembly line. It seems that your efforts for efficiency must be focused on the worst bottleneck. The loss caused by a bottleneck is a loss for the entire system. Focusing on improving the throughput of the bottleneck increases the flow for the entire manufacturing line. If there is a bottleneck, then all other areas are capable of excess capacity. Don’t try to improve non-bottlenecks, as it is a waste of time and effort. The TOC integrates into Total Quality Management, TQM, except for one main theory. TQM supports continuous improvement of the system while the TOC does not support continuous improvement of every process. The TOC says that we must focus on the constraint. Q: What is the Theory of Constraints about? A: Developed by Dr. Eliyahu M. Goldratt, TOC states that any system has at least one constraint. Otherwise, it would be generating an infinite amount of output. Bearing this in mind, TOC is easily explained through use of the "chain" analogy - "a chain is only as strong as its weakest link." If we look upon our organization as a chain, where each department is a "link" in the chain, what constrains our organization from achieving its goal? Only through addressing the weakest link, the constraint, can substantial improvements be made. In other words, if the constraint dictates the pace of an organization's ability to achieve it's goal, it makes sense that addressing the constraint will allow the organization to achieve a substantial rate of throughput faster. There are five steps in applying TOC: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Identify the system's constraints. Of necessity this included prioritization so that just the ones that really limit system progress toward the goal. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Decide how to exploit the system's constraints. Once we have decided how to manage the constraints within the system, how about the majority of the resources that are not constraints? The answer is that we manage them so that they just provide what is needed to match the output of the constrained resources. We NEVER let them supply mo... ...achine was running and an operator on your line was to set it up if it went down, you could take your break at your convenience. A few months went by and new coaches were hired. They decided they wanted to closely monitor the operator to see when they took their breaks and for how long. The decision was made to stop the machines when you go on your break and/or lunch. The new coach obviously wanted to make a good impression and bring something new to the table. They changed our staggered breaks to scheduled breaks. The results after a few weeks showed production was down and efficiency was at a record low. It showed machines were not running at full capacity for a tour. Immediately their superiors decided we would go back to the staggered lunches and breaks. The downtime was then reduced and our departmental efficiency went up. They realized it was not as important to monitor the person, as it was to have the machine running. Now I know this does not stand up to the problems Alex and his staff faced with UniCo but this is what I face everyday. I found a case study that was used at the TOC World 2000 Seminar in St. Paul MN last year. I thought I would include it for your enjoyment

City Life vs Country Life

Today the city life is more and more stressful, by the minute, however the people who were born and raised in the country are coming to the city, but which is better? It depend on the likes and necessities of that particular person, he or she may only be in the city because they can find much more entertainment and facilities. Meanwhile the country?s advantage consists on the calm and relaxation that it offers to us. For this and more reasons these two places are completely different. To start off the difference between these two places is the nature. In the country everything is natural; there are hardly any buildings, up to now making it difficult to destroy the ecosystem and pollute the nice luxurious air. In the city on the other hand, it is very difficult to see a lot if any trees or a forest area, a fact is that we can see a lot of buildings, smudge, and pollutions. As a result, natural areas are reduced, something that really affects our ecosystem, in the most atrocious way. I’d take the country in this point any day and twice on Sunday. Another difference is the distance between places. In the country people are used to walking to go from place to place over long distance, which is good because it is a great healthy benefit, also in the country traffic jams do not exist. So if you wanted to drive anywhere it’ll take you 30 minutes instead of the 3 hours in the city. Because of the 5:00 rush hour in the city, in which in my most humble opinion is not fun to be in trust me I’ve had my fair share of them. Again the country takes the cake. The next difference is the lifestyle. In the country, people can have a healthier lifestyle. Because of the farming, and there is a very calm place and people have more relaxing situations. However in the city people are always in a hurry rushing from place to place. Nobody has any time to do anything anymore. Nevertheless any of these options to live can be the best according to people's plans; also it depends on the ideas and jobs of everyone. If they want to relax and let pain just melt away the country is the way to go. But if they prefer a busier schedule and more variety on entertainment, the city no matter how messed up it is the thing for you. City Life vs Country Life Today the city life is more and more stressful, by the minute, however the people who were born and raised in the country are coming to the city, but which is better? It depend on the likes and necessities of that particular person, he or she may only be in the city because they can find much more entertainment and facilities. Meanwhile the country?s advantage consists on the calm and relaxation that it offers to us. For this and more reasons these two places are completely different. To start off the difference between these two places is the nature. In the country everything is natural; there are hardly any buildings, up to now making it difficult to destroy the ecosystem and pollute the nice luxurious air. In the city on the other hand, it is very difficult to see a lot if any trees or a forest area, a fact is that we can see a lot of buildings, smudge, and pollutions. As a result, natural areas are reduced, something that really affects our ecosystem, in the most atrocious way. I’d take the country in this point any day and twice on Sunday. Another difference is the distance between places. In the country people are used to walking to go from place to place over long distance, which is good because it is a great healthy benefit, also in the country traffic jams do not exist. So if you wanted to drive anywhere it’ll take you 30 minutes instead of the 3 hours in the city. Because of the 5:00 rush hour in the city, in which in my most humble opinion is not fun to be in trust me I’ve had my fair share of them. Again the country takes the cake. The next difference is the lifestyle. In the country, people can have a healthier lifestyle. Because of the farming, and there is a very calm place and people have more relaxing situations. However in the city people are always in a hurry rushing from place to place. Nobody has any time to do anything anymore. Nevertheless any of these options to live can be the best according to people's plans; also it depends on the ideas and jobs of everyone. If they want to relax and let pain just melt away the country is the way to go. But if they prefer a busier schedule and more variety on entertainment, the city no matter how messed up it is the thing for you.

Law, Ethics & Corp. Governance Essay

1. Describe what steps you would take to address the following scenario involving skills, competence, and abilities: The employee seems to be unable to learn the computer applications that are basic to her job responsibilities, but, consistently â€Å"tells† her boss that she is â€Å"a good worker and a genius† and that he does not â€Å"appreciate her†. Even after a few months of training and support, she is unable to use the computer tools to be productive and efficient in completing the required tasks. This can be a difficult situation for an employer to make because many employers try to see the positive and have faith in all their employees. If this situation took place within my company, I would continue to observe the employees attitude as well as dedication. Many times, employees are not capable of performing certain tasks, however, with a humble mindset, it is possible to work with them and guide them while working. This specific employee seems to have a self-assured mindset that she is not doing anything wrong. Instead of opening up and allowing her boss to assist her, she becomes arrogant. I would go a different route and have a professional come and train her from another company to see if that would help. If this specific assistance does not help, I will have to write the employee up to warn her that she must submit to the work load within a certain time frame. I do not believe this is being harsh to the employee. If she is hired to do a specific task and cannot get the task accomplished, then she is incapable of doing the work. I will be able to provide a written statement and have her terminated. Employers cannot waste time on employees who talk about their capabilities, yet not perform them. According to â€Å"Law and Ethics in the Business Environment† Chapter 2, she is able to voice her opinion publically in court, however, she must have written proof to back her up whys he should not be terminated. 2. Describe what steps you would take to address the following scenario involving management, behavior, and performance: The employee tends to burst into a rage when criticized and is frequently late to work as noticed by her boss and other staff members. When her boss attempts to address her behavioral issues and the company late policy, the employee’s response is that she â€Å"knows her rights and what to do† if she is wrongfully discharged. She also says she took a business law class in undergrad that taught her â€Å"everything she needs to know about exceptions to the employment-at-will doctrine and wrongful discharge in violation of public policy†. I would provide counsel and verbal warning to the employee. It is important to get all of the facts and bring that person into your office without making a big scene. Being honest and upfront about the tardiness and improper behavior will get much respect from the employee and show firm leadership. I will discuss what has been taken place and how important it is to have the whole department working on one accord. I will also discuss that their tardiness is not fair to the other employees. I would take the time to ask if there is anything wrong, or if there is something happening in the workplace or personal life that is causing what is perceived as â€Å"a person with a bad attitude who is unhappy at work. I believe listening and showing empathy will let the employee know you care about their well-being but yet, still mean business. There may be some personal issues that they just need to get off of their chest. If I get a sarcastic response from them, then I must be strong, but not attacking, and let them know that the behavior shown is not acceptable and needs to improve. I would be sure that I am focusing on the problem, not the person. In situations like these, staying calm and let them do the talking will show the humility in you as a leader. In situations like these, I would point out their strengths, and try to first focus on the good aspects of their performance rather than a perceived bad attitude. Documenting and date this conversation as a verbal warning to the employee, yet not making it a threat. This is not a written warning, but shows that you did talk to the person about difficult employee issues. The more the employer documents, the easier it will be to terminate if it gets to that point. The biggest mistake is to not document. Documentation and building a case is the proof that shows you talked to this employee many times but to no avail (Sheahan, 2012). 3. Describe what steps you would take to address the following scenario involving labor and laws: The employee takes a day off from work, without management consent, for her religious holiday observance that falls on a day that is during â€Å"tax season†. The day off occurred during an incredibly busy period for the company during which the employer had notified all employees they were not allowed to take off without prior management approval. Also, there is no labor union for accountants. However, she begins talking to her co-workers during lunch breaks and sometimes during regular work hours, encouraging them to organize and form a union to â€Å"protect ourselves†. This can be a difficult situation because it involves the employee’s religious rights. According to an Act in 1997, â€Å"GUIDELINES ON RELIGIOUS EXERCISE AND RELIGIOUS EXPRESSION IN THE FEDERAL WORKPLACE†, Agencies shall not discriminate against employees on the basis of religion, require religious participation or non-participation as a condition of employment, or permit religious harassment. And agencies shall accommodate employees’ exercise of their religion in the circumstances specified in these Guidelines. These requirements are but applications of the general principle that agencies shall treat all employees with the same respect and consideration, regardless of their religion. At the same time, employees are not to engage in religious acts with employees by forcing their beliefs and opinions on them. This can cause immediate termination. Regardless of religious observation day or not, an employee is not to take a work day off without employers permission. The employer has every right to terminate the employee. It is understandable to observe religious acts as an individual but there has to be communication between employee and employer. The employer has to make accommodations for that specific day. 4. Describe what steps you would take to address the following scenario involving policies and procedures: The employee’s supervisor consistently asks her out on dates; the employee initially refuses to go out on a date with her supervisor. The employee later discusses the issue with her girlfriend who encourages her to accept his offers. During her new employee orientation, the employee was informed of the company policy which prevented employees from dating their supervisor and was given an employee handbook with the written policy. The employee and her supervisor later begin having a consensual relationship. Based from the research according to Saalfeld Griggs PC Publications, a supervisor dating an employee is prohibited within many companies. Although romantic relationships in the workplace are common, employers have legitimate reasons for concern about employee dating. The biggest fear is a sexual harassment lawsuit arising from either a supervisor who has a habit of asking subordinates out on dates; an employee who files a lawsuit after a consensual relationship goes sour; or the perception of co-workers that a supervisor is playing favorites with his or her â€Å"significant other. A policy that prohibits a supervisor from dating a subordinate must also describe the penalty imposed if the policy is violated. Men often hold more senior positions in a company, therefore, a policy that always penalizes the subordinate (e.g. by requiring termination or transfer) may create sexual discrimination liability. When enforcing a â€Å"no dating† policy, the employer must be careful to penalize both sexes equally. An employer who selectively enforces the policy, or enforces it more harshly against one sex compared to the other, may be liable for sexual discrimination. In a consensual relationship between a supervisor and a subordinate, the subordinate often is the recipient of preferential treatment. Employees have asserted claims for sexual harassment based on the theory that they can’t receive the same benefits because they are not â€Å"sleeping with the boss.† The policy is in writing and both the employer and employee decided to go against this policy. If one or the other is not able to transfer to another department, they must suffer the consequences of being released from the company. Reference Page: 1. Halbert, T., & Ingulli, E. (2012). Law & ethics in the business environment (7th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. 2. Sheahan, K. (2012). Bad Employee Behavior. Article retrieved from: http://www.ehow.com/facts_6739049_bad-employee-behavior.html 3. Sutton, R. (1999). Regulating Workplace Romance. Article retrieved from: http://www.sglaw.com/publications.php?id=36&pubtype=showarticle

Love is in the Air †How the World Gets Ready for Romance

Love is in the Air – How the World Gets Ready for Romance Love is In the Air: How the World Gets Into the Romantic Mood Valentine’s Day is almost here. Florists tell us that this is the biggest sales day they have all year. Candy stores stock up for their big sale day too. And jewelry stores start advertising on TV, social media, and anywhere else they can find a spot. More couples get engaged on Valentine’s Day than any other day of the year. Even though Valentine’s Day has some dark history in its beginning, no one cares. It’s the day that love is celebrated. Go, how do we get ready for romance? Here are a few ways. If you haven’t tried them, now is the time to experiment. Rent Some Movies A few days before the big day, begin to watch some romantic movies with your significant other. Some great options are: â€Å"Sleepless in Seattle† – two strangers, one little boy – it’s a match â€Å"Titanic† – tragic, but oh the love â€Å"Pretty Woman† – people from very different backgrounds can still fall in love â€Å"Ghost† – another tragic love story, but love is still eternal â€Å"The Notebook† – forbidden love can triumph One a night for 5 nights before Valentine’s Day should do the trick. Download Your Favorite Romantic Songs Play these often in the days leading up to Valentine’s Day. The mood just gets more and more romantic. Here are a few suggestions: â€Å"Let’s Get it On† – Marvin Gaye â€Å"50 Candles† – Boyz II Men â€Å"Crash Into Me† – Dave Matthews Band â€Å"Just Because† – Johnny Mathis â€Å"Fly Me to the Moon† – Julie London â€Å"The Longer We Make Love† – Barry White You probably have others that are your favorites. The criteria is that they make you feel romantic and ready for love. A Romantic Dinner It doesn’t have to be at a restaurant. Candles, low lighting, a favorite meal, and lots of wine – a definite recipe for romance Dress Nothing gets romance going better than some totally sexy outfits – buy a few and sport them just before the big day. Save the best for that romantic dinner. Poetry Think ahead on this one. If you don’t feel creative but want to show thought and effort, contact a custom writing service and have one of their creatives craft the perfect poem. You can personalize it by giving your writer details about your love. Flowers Of course, red roses are the flower of choice on Valentine’s Day. Sending them to a woman at her place of work is particularly smart, because then she can show to everyone else how much she is loved by her man and how thoughtful he is. Valentine’s Day Around the World Japan: Role reversal is the â€Å"rule.† This is the day that women shower their men with gifts – usually chocolate. This tradition also exists in S. Korea and Taiwan. But there is also a â€Å"White Day later on when the roles are reversed. Denmark and Norway: Valentine’s Day has only recently begun to be celebrated in these two countries, but it is celebrated by men writing short little poems to women anonymously. If the woman guesses the name of the send, he must then give her an Easter egg on Easter. If she fails, she has to give him an egg on Easter. Wales: In Wales, a man shows his love for a woman by presenting her with a spoon. This goes way back to when men were gone to sea for long periods of time and spent their free time carving intricate spoons from wood and presenting them to their love upon their return. In America we have roses; in Wales are the spoons! A national day of love is a good thing. And it doesn’t have to just be between man and woman. It is a great day for parents and children to show their love for one another too.

How to Easily Grow Silver Crystals

How to Easily Grow Silver Crystals Silver crystals are beautiful and easily grown metal crystals. You can watch crystal growth under a microscope or let the crystals grow overnight for larger crystals. Directions Suspend a piece of copper wire in 0.1M silver nitrate in a test tube. If you coil the wire you will get high surface area and more visible growth.Place the tube in a darkened location. Try to avoid high-traffic (high-vibration) areas.Crystals should be visible to the naked eye on the copper wire after about an hour, but larger crystals and noticeable blue coloration of liquid will occur overnight.ORPlace a drop of mercury in a test tube and add 5-10 ml 0.1M silver nitrate.Allow the tube to stand undisturbed in a dark location for 1-2 days. Crystals will grow on the surface of the mercury. Tips It is easy to watch crystals form on a copper wire under a microscope. The heat of the microscope light will cause crystals to form very quickly.AÂ  displacement reaction is responsible for crystal formation: 2Ag Cu → Cu2 2Ag Materials Needed 0.1M Silver NitrateTest TubeCopper Wire or Mercury

Failure of Real-Time Online Facility Assignment

Failure of Real-Time Online Facility - Assignment Example These major changes and other significant measures require a complete devotion and perfect dedication from the management, administrative department and particularly the Information Technology department to stabilize the performance of our online school and take our pride from good to best in the online school (Linda 1995). Everybody was appreciating and praising the performance of our online school before the advancement of technology introduced by our one of the closest competitor in the online school sector. Ever since this improvement has been presented by the competing firm, a steep decline has been observed in the size and magnitude of the market share of our online school. Profits have stuck somewhere, lowering from 8% to 5.5%. Faculty turnover ratio has increased substantially from 4% per annum to somewhat 16% annum. Increased customer complaints received more than 6% from the previous period. Things are pointing a major problem in our processes and demanding a significant solution to overcome that problem. What actually is that problem? How is it showing its effects and implications on the management and other departments of the business? What are the possible remedies to rescue? What would be the consequences of this operation clean sweep? Who is going to gain and who is going to lose? These all critical questions will be probed in the following discussion. Since the inception, the main focus of our online school has remained on providing the education to our students in a virtually â€Å"real-time† online environment. Students always liked and valued this methodology of teaching as it provided them the core benefits that they always needed. This methodology provided the students with an opportunity to interact with their tutors and mentors live on our online web portal, group forum and other live chat and discussion platforms. This helped the students in tackling with their study curriculum related issues with their tutors and share their problems in an online streaming session conducted via our live web portal.

Genetics assignment two Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Genetics assignment two - Essay Example sive alleles of each of these genes (a,b,c and d) produce abnormal enzymes that cannot catalyze a reaction in the biosynthetic pathway for seed pigment. The pathway is shown below: 2. In the Australian Shepherd, Hereditary Cataracts is an autosomal dominant disorder that results in abnormal clouding of the lenses of the eye. In some Aussies, heterozygous for Hereditary Cataracts, the disease is not always expressed. Based on this information, answer the following questions: b. Several alleles are responsible for Hereditary Cataract formation. When present, some alleles result in very rapid cataract growth, whereas; other alleles result in very slow cataract growth. What terminology best describes the behavior of these various alleles? 3. In the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis), a number of genes determine eye color. A fly with wild-type eyes (red) is crossed to fly with yellow eyes. All the F1 flies from this cross have wild-type eyes. When the F1 from the cross are interbred (selfed), 450 of the progeny have wild-type eyes, 150 have amethyst eyes (a bright sparkling blue color) and 200 have yellow eyes. 4. The Scots Dumpy, a type of chicken from Scotland, can exhibit short-leg length and normal-leg length phenotypes. A breeder crosses two normal-legged Scots Dumpy, and finds that all of the F1 are normal-legged. The breeder repeats the cross and observes the same result. However, when the same breeder crosses a normal-legged fowl with a short-legged fowl,  ½ of the offspring are short-legged and  ½ of the offspring are normal-legged. Finally, following a third cross between two short-legged Scots Dumpy fowl, the breeder observes the following results among 200 offspring counted: 5. Fruit flies homozygous for the recessive allele, sc-, have bright red eyes. Fruit flies homozygous for the recessive allele, br-, have brownish purple eyes. Fruit flies homozygous recessive for both alleles have white eyes. Fruit flies that possess the sc+ and

Criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Criminology - Essay Example ibute to the rise of such crimes in the cities, include the population density in the cities, level of education and unemployment rates (Baltic, 2011). Other related crimes that augment the prevalence of aggravated assaults include drug peddling and underage drinking. However, the prevalence of aggravated assault in the three cities decreased significantly, the rate of aggravated assault in Detroit fir example decreased by about 2% in the last two years. St. Luis for example had a higher prevalence of drugs and illegal guns in the city. Lack of effective border security coupled with weak immigration laws make the United States susceptible to illegal guns and drugs from such neighboring countries as Mexico. Illegal guns and the complex illegal drug business are among the factors that influence the prevalence of aggravated assaults. Within the last two years, the police departments in the cities revamped their efforts in controlling drug and substance abuse. The efficiency of the police helped reduce the levels of the aggravated assaults in the cities. Additionally, improving statistics on the levels of employment and education in the cities are among the factors accounting for the decrease in the rates of aggravated assaults in the three cities am ong many others throughout the United

Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management Essay Example for Free

Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management Essay The arrangement of health care system has reciprocated in regard to provide quality and modest care. The treatment of healthcare facilities have changeover at different levels in speciality care and acute illnesses to defensive health plan. The changes have seized effective direct approaches and delivery care. With the effort to balance the demands of patient needs in health care, many considerations are made including adjustments with budgets, decreasing excessive costs, and practicing effective means of delivery care. Nurses are challenged to keep up to a work environment that requires continual changes. The nursing industry today faces shortage, as many nurses have low job satisfaction, high compassion fatigue, and the patient ratios levels associate immense acuity. Furthermore, these factors have resulted in patient satisfaction and medical reimbursements. Notwithstanding all the identified issues and its effects, few nursing facilities are growing to next level to identify and promote nursing skills by setting framework to endeavour to gain Magnet status. This paper will focus in comparing and contrasting the expectations of the nursing managers and leaders approaches that may use in regard to magnet status. Magnet status is best defined by Miriam Hospital as ‘ a designation that is rewarded to hospitals for the concept of Magnet Culture; it is a working environment which enables nurses to practice and focus on skilful nursing, involving bedside decision making, nursing development and involvement, competent education, and promote nursing leadership skills (Miriam Hospital, n. d. ) The birth of magnet status undertook in beginning of 1980’s when some hospitals were practicing new retaining ideas for nursing staff with motivation for patient care. Therefore, this concept was developed after few researches and finally it was made official through an article named: â€Å"Magnet Hospitals: Attraction and Retention of Professional Nurses,† written and published in 1983 by Dr. McClure president of the American Academy of Nursing (AAN), professor at New York University, and a member of the original task force (Hawke, 2004). Statistics prove that Magnet hospitals have superlative patient satisfaction scores, protected patient environments, minority of repeat admissions, and improved patient outcome. It is vital that various pre-requisites and qualifications must be met and maintained to execute the concept of Magnet status. The nursing leadership  and management work in synchronization with their defined roles to achieve the goals of completing the tasks by establishing nursing staff participation needed to achieve skilful nursing. In order to receive accurate results, it is essential to define roles and target essential outcomes. According to Huber (2010), the aspect of management is to cater the resources that are required to achieve the target goal of organisation. A manager is expected to plan, organise and implement strategies from an organizing high level to enable the outline of requirements to meet the goal. The manager is responsible to practice the policies and procedures and carry them appro priately. In order to achieve Magnet status, the nurse manager needs to survey the patients and staff to identify and construct the areas of weakness that would improve the patient satisfaction. Some of the basic actions include financial stability by reducing the amount of waste, safeguarding medical reimbursement with patient satisfaction, and nursing practices that mirror decisions like bedside reporting, friendly patient care education, and timely rounding. The nursing leader is expected to provide assistant to the nurse manager in achieving goals by promoting smooth work flows through communication, and provide better understanding of their overall vision, and reasoning why these adjustments are necessary. The nursing leader can accomplish this by promoting trust and endeavouring mutual consent while managing issues (The difference between leadership and management, 2012). In comparison and contrast of the nursing managers and leader approaches there are few points to be considered. In ma nagement, the goals are carried out with the help of managers within the organisation. Whereas the leaders help to identify and develop new approaches to the issues emerging in the organisation. The managers work to fulfil the goals and continue to do, whereas the leaders undergo risks to challenge people and new ideas to break the chain (The difference between leadership and management, 2012). Frellick (2011) states that Magnet concept is created to facilitate and empower shared decision-making and accountability process. To achieve success in this concept, the healthcare facilities need to master in the regulations well known as the ‘Fourteen Forces of Magnetism’, it consists of the new levels in nursing management, encouraging strong participation, and place where nurses are recognised and are able to contribute to the top management. In addition, one more key to success if  the interdisciplinary relationships; it means the members of each department of healthcare are able to co-ordinate and work together; such as nurses, physicians, pharmacists and t herapists. Leadership aims on mutual consent of all team members and promotes respect and involvement of all departments, shared responsibilities and leadership style for actions. It is an necessary personal approach of the writer that personal involvement is the key for building working relationships between management and leadership professionals as they both promotes the organisational goals. If the nursing professionals have opinions and ideas that matters for the wellbeing of the patient satisfaction, then an extra effort to highlight the need is essential. Any new idea is difficult to execute without the commitment and facilitation of the managers and leaders and also among the other parties involved. Real efforts and success can be achieved by working together as a team, and aiming to contribute in a continuous methods in healthcare facilities for total patient satisfaction. References Frellick, M. (2011). A Path to Nursing Excellence. Hospitals Health Networks. Advance online publication. Retrieved from Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Magnet. (2013). Retrieved from Hawke, M. (2004, January). Magnet Status Attracts Mettle. Nursing Spectrum, 19-21. Retrieved from Huber, D. L. (2010). Leadership and Nursing Care Management (4th ed.). Retrieved from Miriam Hospital. (n.d.). Retrieved from The difference between leadership and management. (2012). Retrieved from

Declaration of Independence Essay -- U.S. History

Children’s voice shouting in parades, spinning noise-makers, giant flags of red, white, and blue waving in every corner of the street, fireworks light up the night sky, friends and family gathering around with big smile on their faces; it is not somebody’s birthday nor it is an ordinary day. It is a true festival, a country’s birthday. The Fourth of July marks the anniversary of the glorious day in 1776 when America, as a new nation declared to the world its independence from monarchs. Because of the importance of this day, thus, the Declaration of Independence can be considered as one of the most influential documents in American History. Not only that, other organizations and countries have also adopted its manner and tones for their own documents or declarations, such as â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Man† from France or the â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments† from the Women’s Right movement. After the Congress ratified the text on July Fourth, the Declaration of Independence had been issued in several forms. It was originally published as a printed broadside that was generally distributed and read to the public. Nevertheless, although the wording was approved on the Fourth of July, most historians have concluded that â€Å"it was signed almost a month later after its adoption, not on July Fourth as is commonly believed† . The Declaration not only justified the independence of the United States of America by listing colonial complaints against King George III, but it also asserted certain and legal rights, including the right of evolution. Nonetheless, after the American Revolution, the original purpose of the text was ignored. Since then, the Declaration of Independence can only be viewed as a major statement on human rights. Yet, the ques... ...lic (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), 123–24 John H. Hazelton, The Declaration of independence: its history (New York, Dodd, Mead and Company, 1906), 13 George William Frederick, His Majesty's most gracious speech to both Houses of Parliament, on Friday, October 27 [i.e. Thursday, October 26], 1775 (Philadelphia, Printed by Hall and Sellers, 1776) Jack N. Rakove, The Beginnings of National Politics: An Interpretative History of the Continental Congress (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979), 89 Herbert Friedenwald, The Declaration of Independence: an interpretation and an analysis (New York, The Macmillan Company, 1904), 67 Pauline Maier, American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence (New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1998), 41 Brian Boyd, Origin of Stories: Evolution, Cognition and Fiction (Massachusetts, Belknap of Harvard UP, 2010), 21 Declaration of Independence Essay -- U.S. History Children’s voice shouting in parades, spinning noise-makers, giant flags of red, white, and blue waving in every corner of the street, fireworks light up the night sky, friends and family gathering around with big smile on their faces; it is not somebody’s birthday nor it is an ordinary day. It is a true festival, a country’s birthday. The Fourth of July marks the anniversary of the glorious day in 1776 when America, as a new nation declared to the world its independence from monarchs. Because of the importance of this day, thus, the Declaration of Independence can be considered as one of the most influential documents in American History. Not only that, other organizations and countries have also adopted its manner and tones for their own documents or declarations, such as â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Man† from France or the â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments† from the Women’s Right movement. After the Congress ratified the text on July Fourth, the Declaration of Independence had been issued in several forms. It was originally published as a printed broadside that was generally distributed and read to the public. Nevertheless, although the wording was approved on the Fourth of July, most historians have concluded that â€Å"it was signed almost a month later after its adoption, not on July Fourth as is commonly believed† . The Declaration not only justified the independence of the United States of America by listing colonial complaints against King George III, but it also asserted certain and legal rights, including the right of evolution. Nonetheless, after the American Revolution, the original purpose of the text was ignored. Since then, the Declaration of Independence can only be viewed as a major statement on human rights. Yet, the ques... ...lic (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), 123–24 John H. Hazelton, The Declaration of independence: its history (New York, Dodd, Mead and Company, 1906), 13 George William Frederick, His Majesty's most gracious speech to both Houses of Parliament, on Friday, October 27 [i.e. Thursday, October 26], 1775 (Philadelphia, Printed by Hall and Sellers, 1776) Jack N. Rakove, The Beginnings of National Politics: An Interpretative History of the Continental Congress (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979), 89 Herbert Friedenwald, The Declaration of Independence: an interpretation and an analysis (New York, The Macmillan Company, 1904), 67 Pauline Maier, American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence (New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1998), 41 Brian Boyd, Origin of Stories: Evolution, Cognition and Fiction (Massachusetts, Belknap of Harvard UP, 2010), 21

Children with special educational needs Essay

The home environment and lifestyle of a child can be influenced from as early as conception. In pregnancy if a mother chooses to drink alcohol they run the risk of alcohol crossing the placenta, which can lead to foetal alcohol syndrome. This condition affects foetal growth and causes delayed development, learning difficulties and congenital abnormalities. In addition there is a risk of miscarriage. Furthermore, increasing hours of work pressured upon parents from their place of work can lead to bad eating habits, for example, fast food takeaways giving children snacks, fizzy drinks, sweets and crisps, which in-turn could lead to obesity and all the health problems that are associated with obesity, such as diabetes and osteo-arthritis. Moreover they could be the subject of bullying at school. The child may become socially excluded because of their size; they may feel depressed and withdrawn hindering their learning potential. Gender influences: Children are aware of their gender identity. Read more: Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of external factors essay Research indicates: â€Å"By the age of 21/2 years, children think girls prefer to play with dolls and engage in domestic activities with mum, while boys prefer to play with cars or construction toys and helping dad. † (www. geocities/gender. edu. ) Gender stereotyping is damaging to children’s social development and their personality as it damages their self-image, in addition too the identity of girls because it can affect their confidence and lower their self-esteem. Boys too can be limited by gender stereotypes by being forced to behave tough or less caring, in order to conform and by accepted by others. This can be overcome by early year’s practitioners providing role-play opportunities including dressing-up clothes, which allow children to explore different roles. Furthermore, books and games should be avoided, which demonstrate gender stereotyping. Special Educational Needs: The range of special educational needs, (SEN) is vast and the starting point for looking if a child may have a learning difficulty can be seen through their level of academic attainment. Learning difficulties can be described as moderate, severe or profound and multiple. They can range from a mild hearing impairment, to a severe impairment, for example, Cerebral palsy. This condition affects the part of the brain that controls movement. This may cause disability of all four limbs. Children with this condition may have motor problems, visual and hearing impairments, in addition to speech and perceptual difficulties. Dyspraxia is referred to as, â€Å"Clumsy child Syndrome† in this condition the child has difficulty with physical movement, language development may be delayed. In addition learning difficulties can occur where fine or gross motor skills are needed. Dyslexia is a condition where the child has difficulty with words and learning to read, spell and write. This could cause the child to have low self- esteem and become frustrated, or even disruptive. These examples are just a few of the conditions that may have an impact on a child’s ability to learn and develop to their full potential. It is just as important recognising the child has SEN, as to meeting their needs to help them achieve. Communication is of paramount importance, in addition to remembering to put the needs of the child first and then the disability. In conclusion it can be shown that a child’s learning and development can be affected by many factors, throughout the human life-span. This is why it is imperative that these factors are highlighted to early year’s professionals, so they can recognise and act upon them in the child’s best interests, to promote their well being and education. REFERENCES: Alcott, M. (2002) Children with special educational needs, 2nd edition, Hodder & Stoughton, London. Haralambos, Rice, D. (2002) Psychology in Focus A level, Causeway, Lancs  www.geocities.com

Meals

Meals on Wheels Meals on Wheels was a very good community service that taught me some good things. Meals on Wheels is a voluntary work service that deals with elderly people who are sick, from diabetes to cancer. We as voluntary workers drop food off to these sick people who are registered through the hospital. There are many different types of patients you meet. They all happen to be around the same area as well. As we stop by the meals on wheels headquarters we first sign in and then pick up cooler full of cold food and a warm lunch bag to put the hot meals in.We then drive over to SST. Jude hospital where we pick up the hot food that has the patients names labeled on them. From here we drive to each patients house or apartment complex and drop off their assigned foods, which is one cold food meal pack, one milk, and a hot meal pack. Some places are so easy as getting off and dropping it off in the ice box they have set in front of their house or apartment complex while other patie nts e have to ring the door bell and hand it to them.Some days we will talk to some of these patients. For instance, at one of the first stops an older lady would come outside as we drop the food off and explain to me as she's very sick and doesn't feel well. Then go to explain how we walk with Jesus because we are doing this for her and how we are very blessed for doing it. It goes to show me how lucky I am for being young and healthy at the age I am and not take life for granted.Another Instance loud be an elderly guy who sits outside with his dog everyday before we pull up to drop his food off. He always seems to be In a very good mood and explains to me how I should be at the beach and not here doing this service. It shows the different kinds of people that are out there and there perspective towards things. Most of the people have their kids or husbands answer the door for them to get their food. At the end of the day we have delivered the food to twelve different people and he ad back to theMeals on Wheels headquarters where we drop off the lunch bag and the cooler. That Is the typical day of the Meals on Wheels service work. Hopefully some day In the future I can do this again on my free time.

Free Essays on Multiple Personality Disorder

â€Å"The presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states,† is something you’d expect to hear as the title to an X-files episode. In reality, this line is found in the DSM-IV as a physiological disorder. This rare disorder is called Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) or formally known as multiple personality disorder. Dissociation is a mental process, which produces a lack of connection in a person’s thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of identity. In DID at least two of the identities or personality states recurrently take control of the person’s behavior. In some cases the personalities are so separate that they don’t know they inhabit a body with other â€Å"people.† The origins of dissociative identity disorder are still not understood. Although it’s not understood, one theory suggests that it developed in response to childhood abuse. The abuse then can lead to many symptoms in adulthood. Questions have been raised as to why DID occurs and the symptoms that follow it. Because of this uncertainty, misdiagnosis occurs and makes it very difficult to find the correct kind of treatment. Research shows that DID may affect 1% of the general population. Physical and sexual abuse are just examples of two traumatic situations from which a child may resort to â€Å"going away† in his or her own head. This ability is typically used as an extremely effective defense against physical and emotional pain. By this dissociative process, thoughts, feelings, memories, and perceptions of the traumatic experiences can be separated off psychologically, allowing the child to function as if trauma had not occurred. DID is said to be a highly creative survival technique, because it allows people in â€Å"hopeless† situations to preserve some area of healthy functioning. Overtime, a child who has repeatedly been physically and sexually assaulted â€Å"going away† may start to be conditioned and re... Free Essays on Multiple Personality Disorder Free Essays on Multiple Personality Disorder â€Å"The presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states,† is something you’d expect to hear as the title to an X-files episode. In reality, this line is found in the DSM-IV as a physiological disorder. This rare disorder is called Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) or formally known as multiple personality disorder. Dissociation is a mental process, which produces a lack of connection in a person’s thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of identity. In DID at least two of the identities or personality states recurrently take control of the person’s behavior. In some cases the personalities are so separate that they don’t know they inhabit a body with other â€Å"people.† The origins of dissociative identity disorder are still not understood. Although it’s not understood, one theory suggests that it developed in response to childhood abuse. The abuse then can lead to many symptoms in adulthood. Questions have been raised as to why DID occurs and the symptoms that follow it. Because of this uncertainty, misdiagnosis occurs and makes it very difficult to find the correct kind of treatment. Research shows that DID may affect 1% of the general population. Physical and sexual abuse are just examples of two traumatic situations from which a child may resort to â€Å"going away† in his or her own head. This ability is typically used as an extremely effective defense against physical and emotional pain. By this dissociative process, thoughts, feelings, memories, and perceptions of the traumatic experiences can be separated off psychologically, allowing the child to function as if trauma had not occurred. DID is said to be a highly creative survival technique, because it allows people in â€Å"hopeless† situations to preserve some area of healthy functioning. Overtime, a child who has repeatedly been physically and sexually assaulted â€Å"going away† may start to be conditioned and re...

World War II - Curtiss P-40 Warhawk

World War II - Curtiss P-40 Warhawk First flying on October 14, 1938, the P-40 Warhawk traced its roots to the earlier P-36 Hawk. A sleek, all-metal monoplane, the Hawk entered service in 1938 after three years of test flights. Powered by a Pratt Whitney R-1830 radial engine, the Hawk was known for its turning and climbing performance. With the arrival and standardization of the Allison V-1710 V-12 liquid-cooled engine, the US Army Air Corps directed Curtiss to adapt the P-36 to take the new power plant in early 1937. The first effort involving the new engine, dubbed the XP-37, saw the cockpit moved far to the rear and first flew in April. Initial testing proved disappointing and with international tensions in Europe growing, Curtiss decided to pursue a more direct adaptation of the engine in the form of the XP-40. This new aircraft effectively saw the Allison engine mated with the airframe of the P-36A. Taking flight in October 1938, testing continued through the winter and the XP-40 triumphed at the US Army Pursuit Contest staged at Wright Field the following May. Impressing the USAAC, the XP-40 demonstrated a high degree of agility at low and medium altitudes though its single-stage, single-speed supercharger led to a  weaker performance at higher altitudes. Eager to have a new fighter with war looming, the USAAC placed its largest fighter contract to date on April 27, 1939, when it ordered 524 P-40s at a cost of $12.9 million. Over the next year, 197 were built for the USAAC with several hundred being ordered by the Royal Air Force and French Armà ©e de lAir which were already engaged in World War II. P-40 Warhawk - Early Days P-40s entering British service were designated Tomahawk Mk. I. Those destined for France were re-routed to the RAF as France was defeated before Curtiss could fill its order. The initial variant of the P-40 mounted two .50 caliber machine guns firing through the propeller as well as two .30 caliber machines guns mounted in the wings. Entering combat, the P-40s lack of a two-stage supercharger proved a great hindrance as it could not compete with German fighters such as the Messerschmitt Bf 109 at higher altitudes. In addition, some pilots complained that the aircrafts armament was insufficient. Despite these failings, the P-40 possessed a longer range than the Messerschmitt, Supermarine Spitfire, and Hawker Hurricane as well as proved capable of sustaining a tremendous amount of damage. Due to the P-40s performance limitations, the RAF directed the bulk of its Tomahawks to secondary theaters such as North Africa and the Middle East. P-40 Warhawk - In the Desert Becoming the primary fighter of the RAFs Desert Air Force in North Africa, the P-40 began to thrive as the bulk of aerial combat in the region took place below 15,000 feet. Flying against Italian and German aircraft, British and Commonwealth pilots exacted a heavy toll on enemy bombers and eventually forced the replacement of the Bf 109E with the more advanced Bf 109F. In early 1942, DAFs Tomahawks were slowly withdrawn in favor of the more heavily armed P-40D which was known as the Kittyhawk. These new fighters allowed the Allies to maintain air superiority until being replaced by Spitfires that were altered for desert use. Beginning in May 1942, the majority of DAFs Kittyhawks transitioned to a fighter-bomber role. This change led to a higher attrition rate to enemy fighters. The P-40 remained in use during the Second Battle of El Alamein that fall and until the end of the North Africa campaign in May 1943. P-40 Warhawk - Mediterranean While the P-40 saw extensive service with the DAF, it also served as the primary fighter for the US Army Air Forces in North Africa and the Mediterranean in late 1942 and early 1943. Coming ashore with American forces during Operation Torch, the aircraft achieved similar results in American hands as pilots inflicted heavy losses on Axis bombers and transports. In addition to supporting the campaign in North Africa, P-40s also provided air cover for the invasion of Sicily and Italy in 1943. Among the units to use the aircraft in the Mediterranean was the 99th Fighter Squadron also known as the Tuskegee Airmen. The first African American fighter squadron, the 99th flew the P-40 until February 1944 when it transitioned to the Bell P-39 Airacobra. P-40 Warhawk - Flying Tigers Among the most famous users of the P-40 was the 1st American Volunteer Group which saw action over China and Burma. Formed in 1941 by Claire Chennault, the AVGs roster included volunteer pilots from the US military who flew the P-40B. Possessing a heavier armament, self-sealing fuel tanks, and pilot armor, the AVGs P-40Bs entered combat in late December 1941 and had success against a variety of Japanese aircraft including the noted A6M Zero. Known as the Flying Tigers, the AVG painted a distinctive sharks teeth motif on the nose of their aircraft. Aware of the types limitations, Chennault pioneered a variety of tactics to take advantage of the P-40s strengths as it engaged more maneuverable enemy fighters. The Flying Tigers, and their follow-on organization, the 23rd Fighter Group, flew the P-40 until November 1943 when it transitioned to the P-51 Mustang. Used by other units in the China-India-Burma Theater, the P-40 came to dominate the skies of the region and allowed the Allies to maintain air superiority for much of the war. P-40 Warhawk - In the Pacific The USAACs principal fighter when the US entered World War II following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the P-40 bore the brunt of the fighting early in the conflict. Also widely used by the Royal Australian and New Zealand Air Forces, the P-40 played key roles in the aerial contests associated with the battles for Milne Bay, New Guinea, and Guadalcanal. As the conflict progressed and distances between bases increased, many units began to transition to the longer-range P-38 Lightning in 1943 and 1944. This resulted in the shorter-range P-40 effectively being left behind. Despite being eclipsed by more advanced types, the P-40 continued to serve in secondary roles as a reconnaissance aircraft and forward air controller. By the final years of the war, the P-40 was effectively supplanted in American service by the P-51 Mustang. P-40 Warhawk - Production Other Users Through the course of its production run, 13,739 P-40 Warhawks of all types were built. A large number of these were sent to the Soviet Union via Lend-Lease where they provided effective service on the Eastern Front and in the defense of Leningrad. The Warhawk was also employed by the Royal Canadian Air Force who used it in support of operations in the Aleutians. Variants of the aircraft extended to the P-40N which proved to be the final production model. Other nations that employed the P-40 included Finland, Egypt, Turkey, and Brazil. The last nation utilized the fighter for longer than any other and retired their last P-40s in 1958. P-40 Warhawk - Specifications (P-40E) General Length:  31.67 ft.Wingspan:  37.33 ft.Height:  12.33 ft.Wing Area:  235.94 sq. ft.Empty Weight:  6.350 lbs.Loaded Weight:  8,280 lbs.Maximum Takeoff Weight:  8,810 lbs.Crew:  1 Performance Maximum Speed:  360 mphRange:  650 milesRate of Climb:  2,100 ft./min.Service Ceiling:  29,000 ft.Power Plant:  1 Ãâ€" Allison V-1710-39 liquid-cooled V12 engine, 1,150 hp Armament 6 Ãâ€" .50 in. M2 Browning machine guns250 to 1,000 lb. bombs to a total of 2,000 lb. Selected Sources Aviation History: P-40 WarhawkP-40 WarhawkMilitary Factory: P-40 Warhawk